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What happened in history on this day: October 19?
On October 19 in ...
- 615 - Saint Deusdedit I begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
- 1298 - Rindfleish-140 Jews of Heilbron Germany are murdered.
- 1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile, paving the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
- 1605 - Birth of Thomas Browne British writer (Garden of Cyrus).
- 1739 - British declare war on Spain.
- 1765 - Stamp Act Congress met in New York, wrote decl of rights and liberties.
- 1781 - At Yorktown, Virginia, British General Lord Cornwallis surrenders 8,000 British soldiers and seamen to a larger Franco-American force, effectively bringing an end to the American Revolution.
- 1784 - Birth of John McLoughlin; Hudson's Bay Company pioneer in Oregon Country.
- 1784 - Birth of Leigh Hunt; British writer (Lord Byron).
- 1805 - A combined Franco-Spanish fleet sets sail to force a battle with the Royal Navy at Cape Trafalgar, on the southwest coast of Spain.
- 1812 - French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte begins his retreat from Moscow, Russia.
- 1818 - US and Chicasaw Indians sign a treaty.
- 1831 - Assets of the Bank of the United States are liquidated at public auction.
- 1856 - James Kelly and Jack Smith fight bareknuckle for 6 hours 15 minutes in Melbourne.
- 1859 - Wilhelm Tempel discovers diffuse nebula around Pleid star Merope.
- 1862 - Birth of Auguste Lumière; made first movie (Workers Leaving Lumière Factory).
- 1863 - Birth of John Huston in Finley, Illinois, USA; editor (New York Times (1937-38)).
- 1864 - Approximately 25 Confederates make surprise attack on Saint Albans, Vermont.
- 1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia; USA beats back Confederate attackers.
- 1872 - World's largest gold nugget (215kg) is found in New South Wales, Australia.
- 1888 - Moshav Gederah is attacked by the Arabs.
- 1899 - Birth of Miguel Asturias in Guatemala; poet/novelist/diplomat (Nobel Prize 1967).
- 1901 - Birth of Arleigh A Burke; US admiral (WW II).
- 1901 - Santos-Dumont proves an airship is maneuverable by circling the Eiffel Tower in France.
- 1909 - Birth of Robert Beatty in Hamilton, Ontario, USA; actor (Martian Chronicles, Amorous Mr Pawn).
- 1910 - Birth of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar in India; physicist (Nobel Prize 1983).
- 1911 - Birth of George Cates in New York City, New York, USA; orchestra leader (Lawrence Welk Show).
- 1912 - Tripoli (Libya) passes from Turkish to Italian control.
- 1916 - Birth of David Lewis in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; actor (Edward Quartermaine - General Hospital).
- 1916 - Birth of Emil Gilels in Odessa, Russia; pianist (Brussels Competition-1938).
- 1918 - Birth of Bob Sweeney in California, USA; comic actor (Our Miss Brooks, Fibber McGee and Molly, The Brothers), director (The Andy Griffith Show, Doris Day Show, The Love Boat).
- 1919 - Cincinnati Reds beat Chicago White Sox, five games to three in 16th World Series. This series is known as the black sox scandal as seven White Sox players throw the series.
- 1920 - Birth of LaWanda Page in Cleveland, Ohio, USA; actress (Aunt Esther - Sanford and Son, Amen, Martin).
- 1921 - Birth of George Nader in Pasadena, California, USA; actor (Robot Monster, Away All Boats).
- 1921 - Birth of Bern Bennett; radio and TV announcer (Toast of the Town, Beat the Clock, To Tell the Truth, Match Game, The Young and the Restless, The Bold and the Beautiful).
- 1921 - Birth of Gunnar Nordahl in Sweden; soccer player (Olympic-gold-1948).
- 1922 - Birth of Jack Anderson; newspaper columnist (Washington Post).
- 1925 - Birth of Bernard Hepton in Bradford, England; actor (Six Wives of Henry VIII).
- 1927 - Birth of Piere Alechinsky in Belgium; artist (Les Hautes herbes).
- 1928 - Birth of Buff Cobb in Florence, Italy; actress and TV personality (Masquerade Party).
- 1929 - Birth of Balbir Singh in India; field hockey player (Olympic-gold-1948, 1956).
- 1931 - Birth of John Le Carré in England; English spy novelist (Little Drummer Girl).
- 1931 - Canada officially suspends gold standard.
- 1932 - Birth of Lloyd Haynes in South Bend, Indiana, USA; actor (Pete Dixon - Room 222).
- 1932 - Birth of Robert Reed in Highland Park, Illinois, USA; actor (Mike Brady - The Brady Bunch, Nurse, The Defenders, Mannix, Roots, Rich Man, Poor Man).
- 1933 - Berlin Olympic Committee votes to introduce basketball in 1936.
- 1933 - Birth of Wilfried Dietrich in Germany; super-heavyweight (Olympic-gold-1960).
- 1935 - Birth of Jim Reeves in Texas, USA; country singer ("He'll Have to Go", "Adios Amigo", "Welcome To My World", "Am I Losing You").
- 1936 - Birth of Tony Lo Bianco in Brooklyn, New York, USA; actor (Ann Jillian Story, Hizzoner!).
- 1936 - HR Ekins of New York World-Telegram beats two other reporters in a race around the world on commercial flights, by 18.5 days.
- 1936 - In Newfoundland, a fisherman's boat is set on fire by a meteorite strike.
- 1937 - Birth of Sean Garrison in New York City, New York, USA; actor (Up Periscope, Splendor in the Grass).
- 1939 - Birth of Tommy Ambrose in Toronto, Ontario, Canada; singer/composer, host (While We're Young (1960-61), Tommy Ambrose Show (1961-63), Celebration gospel music show (1975-76), prolific writer of advertising jingles).
- 1939 - Birth of Benita Valente in Delano, California, USA; soprano (Pamina - Die Zauberflöte).
- 1939 - In Angora, Turkey signs a Treaty of Mutual Assistance with Great Britain and France. If Turkey enters the war, France and Great Britain commit to providing assistance.
- 1940 - Birth of Michael Gambon; actor (Maigret, Angels in America).
- 1940 - Birth of Jerzy Kulej in Poland; light welterweight boxer (Olympic-gold-1964, 1968).
- 1943 - Researchers at Rutgers University isolate Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis.
- 1943 - New York Yankees' second baseman Joe Gordon announces retirement (hates New York).
- 1945 - Birth of John Lithgow; actor (Harry and the Hendersons, 20 Good Years, 3rd Rock).
- 1948 - Birth of Patrick Simmons; singer, guitarist (The Doobie Brothers - "Black Water").
- 1949 - New York Yankees trade Joe Gordon to Cleveland Indians for Allie Reynolds.
- 1950 - United Nations forces enter Pyongyang, North Korea.
- 1951 - President Harry S Truman formally ends state of war with Germany.
- 1952 - Birth of Charlie Chase; Nashville talk show host (Crook and Chase).
- 1953 - First jet transcontinental nonstop scheduled service.
- 1953 - Singer Julius LaRosa is fired on TV by Arthur Godfrey.
- 1954 - Herbert Tichy, Joseph Jöchler and Sherpa Pasang Dawa Lama make the first ascent of Cho Oyu, the world's 6th highest mountain.
- 1955 - Birth of Lonnie Shelton; NBA forward (New York Knick, Seattle Supersonics).
- 1955 - Birth of Pat Klous in Hutchinson, Kansas, USA; actress (Marcy - Flying High, Judy - The Love Boat).
- 1956 - Birth of Sue Barker; tennis pro (French Open 1976).
- 1957 - Maurice "Rocket" Richard, Montreal Canadiens, becomes first NHL player to score 500 goals.
- 1957 - Birth of Karl Wallinger; rock singer-musician (World Party).
- 1960 - Birth of Jennifer Holiday; singer/actress (Dream Girls).
- 1960 - Birth of Woody; rocker (Voice of the Beehive - "Let it Bee").
- 1960 - France grants Mauritania independence.
- 1960 - Martin Luther King Junior arrested in Atlanta, Georgia sit-in.
- 1960 - The US imposes an embargo on exports to Cuba.
- 1962 - Birth of Evander Hollyfield; heavyweight boxing champion (1990-).
- 1964 - Death of Maurice Gosfield at age 51 of a heart attack; actor (Private Duane Doberman - Bilko, The Phil Silvers Show).
- 1964 - Birth of Ty Pennington; TV host (Extreme Makeover: Home Edition).
- 1965 - Birth of Maria Lee Ostapiej in La Mess, California, USA; Miss California-America (1991).
- 1965 - Birth of Todd Park Mohr; rock singer-musician (Big Head Todd and the Monsters).
- 1966 - Birth of Jon Favreau; actor (Ain't it Cool News, Friends).
- 1966 - Birth of Amy Linker in Brooklyn, New York, USA; actress (Lewis and Clark, Lauren - Square Pegs).
- 1966 - Birth of Sinitta; rocker (Omn Sinitta).
- 1967 - Igor Ter-Ovanesyan of USSR, sets long jump record at 27 feet 4 3/4 inches.
- 1967 - Mariner 5 makes fly-by of Venus.
- 1969 - Birth of Trey Parker; South Park TV show co-creator.
- 1969 - Oakland Raiders' Darryle Lamonica passes for six touchdowns vs Buffalo Bills (50-21).
- 1970 - Birth of Chris Kattan; comedian (Saturday Night Live).
- 1972 - Birth of Pras Michel; rock singer (The Fugees).
- 1973 - US President Richard Nixon asks Congress for US$2.2 billion aid to Israel.
- 1974 - NBC begins airing the Weekend TV news program.
- 1974 - Detroit Red Wings' Mickey Redmond scores the first hat trick against Washington Capitals.
- 1976 - Birth of Omar Gooding; actor (Hangin' With Mr. Cooper, One on One).
- 1978 - Death of Gig Young at age 64 by suicide after killing his wife; actor (Gibbsville), host (Kings Row, Casablanca, Warner Brothers Presents).
- 1979 - 13 US Marines die in a fire at Camp Fuji, Japan as a result of Typhoon Tip.
- 1980 - Birth of Benjamin Salisbury; actor (The Nanny).
- 1980 - Steve McPeak rides 101-foot 9-inch unicycle.
- 1981 - Los Angeles Dodgers beat the Montreal Expos 2-1, in the deciding game of the National League Championship Series.
- 1982 - American Automaker John De Lorean is arrested for selling cocaine to undercover FBI agents (he is later found not guilty due to entrapment).
- 1983 - Maurice Bishop, former Prime Minister of Grenada, and 40 others are executed in a military coup.
- 1984 - Polish secret police arrest Jerzy Popieluszko, a Catholic priest who supports the Solidarity movement.
- 1985 - The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas.
- 1986 - USSR expels five American diplomats.
- 1986 - Mozambican president Samora Machel's plane crashes in South Africa.
- 1987 - "Black Monday": stock markets around the world suffer an unexpected dramatic drop, with the American Dow Jones Industrial Average falling 22.6 percent (508 points), the largest one-day drop in recorded stock market history, and first financial crisis of the modern globalized era. Canada's TSX 300 index drops 407 points, a record 11.3 percent. England's FTSE index sdrops 250 points, representing value of US$107.5 billion. Hong Kong's Hang Seng index drops 420 points, an 11 percent drop.
- 1987 - Billy Martin hired as manager of New York Yankees for fifth time.
- 1987 - Four US destroyers in the Persian Gulf fire 1000 5-inch rounds on the Iranian Rashadat offshore oil installation.
- 1988 - Three Americans win Nobel Prize in physics; three West Germans win chemistry Nobel Prize.
- 1988 - Britain bans broadcast interviews with Irish Republican Army members.
- 1988 - Car bomb kills 7 Israelis, wounds 11 near Lebanon border.
- 1988 - South Africa anti-apartheid leader Sisulu wins $100,000 Human Rights prize.
- 1988 - US Senate passes bill curbing ads during children's TV shows.
- 1989 - The Wonders of Life pavilion opens at Walt Disney World's Epcot in Orlando, Florida.
- 1994 - Death of Martha Raye at age 78 of pneumonia and cardiovascular problems; actress, singer and comedienne (Martha Raye Show TV show).
- 1998 - Travelers Group changes its company name to Citigroup Incorporated.
- 2001 - SIEV-X sinks en route to Christmas Island.
- 2003 - Death of Alija Izetbegovic, Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (born 1925).
- 2003 - Death of Michael Hegstrand (Hawk), WWE wrestler (born 1957).
- 2004 - General Khin Nyunt is replaced by Lieutenant-General Soe Win as Prime Minister of Myanmar.
- 2004 - A team of explorers reach the bottom of the world's deepest cave, located in Krubera. The depth reached is 2,080 metres (6,824 feet), setting a world record.
- 2005 - Hurricane Wilma swells into a Category 5 storm.
- 2005 - The Houston Astros baseball team win their first National League Championship to advance to their first-ever World Series in franchise history.
- 2005 - In New York City, USA, Robert A. Siegel Auction Galleries sells at auction a plate block of four US 1918 24-cent Jenny invert stamps for US$2,970,000, a record for a US philatelic item at auction.
- 2006 - On the 19th anniversary of the 1987 stock market crash, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 12,000 for the first time, at 12,011.73.
- 2006 - Death of Ralph Harris, UK Lord Harris of High Cross, general director of Institute of Economic Affairs, at age 81.
- 2006 - Death of Phyllis Kirk at age 79 in Woodland Hills, California, USA; actress (The Thin Man TV show (1957-1959)).
- 2007 - A gas explosion rocks Glorietta, a shopping mall in Makati, Philippines which killed eleven and injured more than 100 people.
- 2008 - At the Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida, the Tampa Bay Rays beat the Boston Red Sox 3-1 to win the American League championship 4-3 and reach the World Series for the first time in their 11-year existence.
- 2008 - The South Korean Government announces US$130 billion rescue of economy for guarantees of foreign-currency debts, and for banks in need of dollars.
- 2009 - European astronomers announce they have found 32 new planets orbiting stars outside our solar system bringing the total of known exoplanets to about 400.
- 2014 - The Roman Catholic Church beatifies Pope Paul VI.
- 2018 - At least 59 people are killed and at least 100 injured when a train runs through a crowd at a Hindu festival in Punjab, India.
- 2018 - The unmanned European-Japanese spacecraft BepiColombo is launched on a seven-year journey to Mercury.
- 2019 - An estimated one million people march through London in a protest organised by People's Vote, to demand a second referendum on Brexit.
- 2020 - The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 40 million worldwide.
- 2023 - Death of Lara Parker at age 84 from cancer at home in Los Angeles, California; actor (Angelique - Dark Shadows TVshow).
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