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What happened in history on this day: June 28?
On June 28 in ...
- 767 - Saint Paul I ends his reign as Catholic Pope.
- 1245 - First Council of Lyons (13th ecumenical council) opens.
- 1283 - King Edward of England captures Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales.
- 1490 - Birth of Albrecht Margrave von Brandenburg; Cardinal, Elector of the Holy Roman Empire and Archbishop of Mainz.
- 1491 - Birth of Henry VIII; King of England (1509-47).
- 1577 - Birth of Peter Paul Rubens Siegen, Flemish Baroque painter (Circumcision).
- 1635 - French colony of Guadeloupe established in the Caribbean.
- 1687 - William Phips is knighted by King James II of England for his service to the crown in locating the wreck of Spanish galleon Concepción. He is appointed provost-marshal of New England.
- 1709 - In the early morning, about 22,000 Swedes attack the Poltava defenders of about 45,000 Russians. By mid-day, the fighting ends. The Swedes are defeated, with some 7,000 killed and 2,500 captured. The King and the remaining army of about 15,000 retreat south-west to Perevolotjna.
- 1712 - Birth of Jean Jacques Rousseau France, social contractor (Confessions).
- 1762 - Accession to the throne of Catherine the Great in Russia.
- 1770 - Quakers open a school for blacks in Philadelphia.
- 1776 - Charleston, South Carolina repulses British sea attack.
- 1778 - Battle of Monmouth, New Jersey.
- 1787 - Birth of Henry G W Smith; leader of British-Indian forces.
- 1820 - The tomato is proven to be non-poisonous.
- 1824 - Birth of Paul Broca in France; brain surgeon/anthropologist (located speech center).
- 1831 - Birth of Joseph Joachim Kittsee in Germany; violinist (Hungarian Concerto).
- 1836 - Death of James Madison in his Montpelier home in Virginia, USA; co-author of The Federalist Papers, Representative for Virginia (1789-), Secretary of State (1801-), 4th President of the USA (1808-).
- 1838 - Britain's Queen Victoria is crowned in Westminster Abbey.
- 1859 - (to June 29) First dog show is held, in Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. Two classes of dogs are judged: pointers and setters.
- 1861 - Leipzig Observatory discovers short-period (6.2 years) Comet d'Arrest.
- 1862 - Day four of the Seven Days - Battle of Savage's Station.
- 1863 - US President Abraham Lincoln replaces General Joseph Hooker as commander of the Army of the Potomac with General George Meade.
- 1867 - Birth of Luigi Pirandello in Italy; writer (Six Characters - Nobel Prize 1934).
- 1873 - Birth of Alexis Carrel in France; surgeon/sociologist/biologist (Nobel Prize 1912).
- 1886 - C H F Peters discovers asteroid #259 Aletheia.
- 1887 - Philadelphia Phillies make most lopsided shut-out, beating Indianapolis 24-0.
- 1892 - Philadelphia Phillies tie club record of 16 straight victories.
- 1894 - Birth of Lois Wilson in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; actress (Alice - Aldrich Family).
- 1902 - Birth of Pierre Brunet in France; figure skater pairs (Olympic-gold-1928, 1932).
- 1902 - Birth of Richard Rodgers in Hammels Station, New York, USA; composer (Rodgers and Hammerstein).
- 1902 - Birth of Alan Bunce in Westfield, New Jersey, USA; actor (Ethel and Albert radio and TV show).
- 1903 - Birth of Alan Bunce in Westfield, New Jersey, USA; actor (Albert - Ethel and Albert).
- 1905 - Russian sailors mutiny aboard the battleship Potemkin.
- 1906 - Birth of Maria Goeppert Mayer; US atomic physicist (Nobel Prize 1963).
- 1909 - First French air show, Concours d'Avation opens.
- 1909 - Birth of Eric Ambler; suspense author (Epitaph for a Spy).
- 1909 - Israel Durham, Philadelphia Phillies' president, dies.
- 1911 - A series of loud bangs are heard over Alexandria, Egypt, as about 40 pieces of a meteorite fall totalling 40kg, one kills a dog. The meteorite is named Nakhla for the village of El Nakhla El Baharia.
- 1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie are shot to death by Bosnian Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip during an official visit to the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo.
- 1918 - First flight between Hawaiian Islands.
- 1919 - Carl Mazes pitches a complete double-header against New York Yankees.
- 1919 - In Versailles, France, the peace Treaty of Versailles is signed, formally ending the Great War (World War I), five years to the day after the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
- 1919 - In Versailles, France, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George and French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau sign the Treaty of Guarantee. The treaty calls for Great Britain and the USA to come to France's immediate aid if Germany makes an unprovoked assault on the country.
- 1923 - Brooklyn Dodgers lose 7-0 lead, as Philadelphia Phillies score 8 in bottom of 9th.
- 1924 - Tornado strikes Sandusky and Lorain in Ohio, USA, killing 93.
- 1926 - Birth of Mel Brooks; comedian/actor/director (Blazing Saddles, Spaceballs).
- 1928 - Alfred E Smith (Governor of New York) is nominated for President of the USA at Democratic Convention.
- 1928 - Friedrich Schmiedl attempts rocket mail in Austria (unsucessful).
- 1932 - Birth of Noriyuki Morita AKA Pat Morita in California, USA; comedian, actor (Arnold - Happy Days, Karate Kid movies).
- 1935 - US President Franklin Roosevelt orders the construction of a gold vault at Fort Knox, Kentucky.
- 1939 - New York Yankees hit 13 home runs, sweep Philadelphia Athletics 23-2 and 10-0.
- 1940 - Soviet troops occupy Bessarabia and north-east Bukovina.
- 1942 - Birth of Sjoukje Dijkstra in Holland; figure skater (Olympic-gold-1964).
- 1942 - The world's first commercial TV network began operations (Dumont TV, WABD New York).
- 1945 - Birth of David Knights; bassist (Procol Harum).
- 1945 - Polish Provisional Government of National Unity set up by Soviets.
- 1946 - Birth of Bruce Davison; actor (Willard, High Risk).
- 1946 - Birth of Gilda Radner in Detroit, Michigan, USA; comedienne (Baba Wawa - Saturday Night Live).
- 1946 - Birth of John "Mike" Lounge in Denver, Colorado, USA; astronaut (STS 51-I, STS 26, STS 35).
- 1946 - Enrico de Nicola becomes first president of Italy.
- 1949 - Birth of Don Baylor in Texas, USA; baseball player (1979 American League RBI leader).
- 1951 - CBS-TV debuts the Amos 'n' Andy TV show.
- 1954 - Birth of Ava Barber in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA; country singer (Lawrence Welk Show).
- 1954 - Red deer dies in Milwaukee Zoo at age 26; oldest known deer.
- 1955 - Birth of Nikolai Simyatov in the USSR; nordic skier (Olympic-3 golds-1976).
- 1956 - First atomic reactor built for private research operates in Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- 1956 - Riots break out in Poznan, Poland; 38 die.
- 1958 - Birth of Sergei Shakrai in USSR; champion figure skater.
- 1959 - ABC-TV airs The Record Years hosted by Dick Clark, with guests Johnny Mathis, Fabian, the McGuire Sisters, Les Paul, Mary Ford, Fats Domino.
- 1960 - 26.42 cm (10.40 inches) of rainfall in Dunmor, Kentucky, USA (state 24-hour record).
- 1960 - Birth of John Elway; NFL quarterback (Denver Broncos).
- 1961 - Birth of Jay Schroeder; NFL quarterback (Washington Redskins, Los Angeles Raiders).
- 1961 - Birth of Jeff Malone; NBA guard (Washington Bullets).
- 1961 - Philadelphia Phillies and San Francisco Giants set then record longest night game (5:11) 7-7 15-inning tie.
- 1962 - Mickey Cochrane, baseball hall of fame catcher, dies at age 59.
- 1963 - Birth of Andy Cousin; rocker (All About Eve - "All About Scarlet and Other Stories").
- 1963 - Frank "Home Run" Baker (hit two home runs in 1911 World Series) dies at age 77.
- 1964 - King Calder, actor (Lieutenant Grey - Martin Kane Private Eye), dies at age 64.
- 1964 - Organization for Afro-American Unity forms in New York by Malcolm X.
- 1965 - First US ground combat forces in Vietnam authorized by President Lyndon Johnson.
- 1965 - A R Klemola discovers asteroid #2179 Platzeck.
- 1965 - Birth of Jessica Hecht; actress (Friends, The Single Guy).
- 1965 - Birth of Saul Davies; guitarist, violinist (James).
- 1966 - Birth of John Cusack; actor (Stand By Me, Sure Thing, Better Off Dead).
- 1966 - Birth of Mary Stuart Masterson in Houston, Texas, USA; actress (Some Kind of Wonderful).
- 1967 - Birth of Gil Bellows in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; actor (Ally McBeal).
- 1968 - Daniel Ellsberg indicted for leaking Pentagon Papers.
- 1969 - Birth of Danielle Brisebois in Brooklyn, New York, USA; actress (All in the Family, Archie Bunker's Place, Big Bad Mama 2).
- 1969 - Birth of Tichina Arnold in New York City, New York, USA; actress (Ryan's Hope, Sharla - All My Children).
- 1970 - Birth of Jack Stephen Burton; actor (Chris - Out of this World, Days of Our Lives).
- 1971 - Birth of Aileen Quinn, actress (Annie).
- 1971 - Philadelphia Phillies' Rick Wise hits two home runs and no-hits Cincinnati Reds.
- 1971 - US Supreme Court overturns draft evasion conviction of Muhammad Ali.
- 1971 - T Smirnova discovers asteroid #3093.
- 1971 - Birth of Tichina Arnold; actress (Everybody Hates Chris).
- 1973 - Lawsuit in Detroit, Michigan, challenges Little League's "no girls" rule.
- 1973 - NBC debuts the Helen Reddy Show.
- 1974 - Death of Frank Sutton at age 51 after a heart attack; actor (Sargeant Carter - Gomer Pyle USMC, Joe Sullivan - The Secret Storm).
- 1975 - Golfer Lee Trevino is struck by lightning at Western Open (Illinois).
- 1975 - Death of Rod Serling at age 50 from complications after coronary bypass surgery; writer, host and director of the TV series Twilight Zone and Night Gallery.
- 1976 - Birth of Tim Nordwind; bassist (OK Go).
- 1977 - US Supreme Court allows Federal control of Nixon tapes papers.
- 1977 - Birth of Mark Stoermer; bassist (The Killers).
- 1978 - The U.S. scientific satellite Seasat is launched, the first dedicated oceanographic satellite.
- 1978 - The Supreme Court of the United States bars quota systems in college admissions but affirms the constitutionality of programs which give advantages to minorities.
- 1978 - UNICEF chooses rock group Kansas as ambassadors of goodwill.
- 1979 - Death of Paul Dessau in East Berlin, Germany; composer and conductor.
- 1980 - Herbie Faye, comedian (Doc, Phil Silvers Show), dies at age 81.
- 1982 - Prince Charles and Lady Diana name their baby "William".
- 1982 - Death of Harry Mills at age 70; baritone singer (Mills Brothers).
- 1983 - A 100-foot long section of the six-lane Mianus River Bridge along I-95 in Greenwich, Connecticut, linking New York City with New England collapses, killing 3, injuring 3.
- 1983 - NASA launches Galaxy-A.
- 1984 - Motorola introduces the 16-MHz 68020 processor, a 32-bit version of the 68000, in CMOS, with on-board cache. Estimated performance is 2-3 MIPS. Price is US$487 each.
- 1984 - Richard Ramírez, aka the "Night Stalker," performs his first recorded murder.
- 1987 - Don Baylor sets career hit-by-pitch mark at 244 (Pitcher Rick Rhoden).
- 1987 - E F Helin discovers asteroid #3680 Sasha.
- 1987 - An accidental explosion at Hohenfels Training Area in Federal Republic of Germany kills three U.S. troopers.
- 1988 - Four workers are asphyxiated at a metal-plating plant in Auburn, Indiana (a fifth victim dies two days later).
- 1991 - In Sierra Madre, California, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs.
- 1992 - Estonia holds a referendum on its constitution.
- 1992 - In Landers, California, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs, followed in three hours by a 6.5 earthquake in Big Bear.
- 1994 - Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release a sarin gas attack at Matsumoto, Japan. Seven persons killed, 660 injured.
- 1994 - Birth of Prince Hussein bin Al Abdullah II, prince of Jordan.
- 1996 - Universal releases the film The Nutty Professor to theaters.
- 2003 - In St. Charles, Illinois, the Bloomington Gold Corvettes USA show is held, over four days. Mecum Collector Car Auctioneers conducts the auction of over 300 Corvettes. Roger Judski pays US$640,000 for a 1967 L88 red coupe with only 12 miles on it. This is a world record for any production Corvette.
- 2004 - Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe trains collide in a rural area outside of San Antonio, Texas. Forty cars are derailed, including one chlorine car. Three people die, another 50 people are hospitalized because of exposure to the gas.
- 2004 - The U.S.-led coalition occupying Iraq transfers sovereignty to an Iraqi Interim Government.
- 2004 - Canadian election: The Liberal Party, led by Paul Martin, is reduced to a minority government, after holding a majority since November 1993.
- 2006 - Warner Bros. releases the film Superman Returns to theaters.
- 2006 - Israel launches Operation Summer Rains, an offensive against militants in Gaza.
- 2007 - The US Fish and Wildlife Service announces it would remove the bald eagle from the endangered species list.
- 2007 - In the aftermath of Greece's worst heatwave in a century, at least eleven people are reported dead from heatstroke, approximately 200 wildfires break out nationwide, and the country's electricity grid nearly collapses due to record breaking demand.
- 2007 - Death of Kiichi Miyazawa, 78th Prime Minister of Japan (born 1919).
- 2009 - In Poland, round 8 of the FIA World Rally Championship is won by Mikko Hirvonen.
- 2009 - Brazil wins the FIFA Confederations Cup final, defeating the USA 3-2 in South Africa.
- 2009 - Honduran President Manuel Zelaya is taken from his home by force by soldiers, and expelled from the country.
- 2010 - The US Supreme Court rules 5-4 that a ban on handgun ownership in the city of Chicago was unconstitutional, ruling that the US Constitution protects the right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defence.
- 2010 - India and Canada sign a nuclear agreement to promote and develop co-operation in civilian nuclear energy, opening up the Indian market to Canadian nuclear exports.
- 2010 - Gold hits a new high of US$1262 per ounce.
- 2010 - U.S. Senator Robert Byrd, longest serving member ever of the Congress (Democrat, Representative for West Virginia 1952-58, Senator for West Virginia 1958-2010), dies at age 92 in Washington, D.C.
- 2011 - In London, England, Spink conducts an auction of the Chartwell collection of stamps. Mauritius 1847 2-pence Blue Post Office, one of 12 known: 900,000 pounds (1,053,090 pounds with buyer's premium and value-added tax, about US$1.69 million).
- 2013 - News Corporation splits off 21st Century Fox.
- 2016 - Three men armed with guns and gombs attack Atatürk Airport in Istanbul, Turkey, killing 45 and injuring around 230.
- 2020 - The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 passes 10 million worldwide. The U.S. continues to report the highest number of any country as it reaches 2.5 million, a quarter of all cases globally. The global death toll from COVID-19 exceeds 500,000.
- 2021 - The Tigray Defense Force seizes the Tigrayan capital Mekelle shortly after the Ethiopian government declares a ceasefire.
- 2022 - Leaders of Japan and the Republic of Korea attend their first NATO summit, as observers.
- 2022 - Death of Deborah James at age 40; English journalist ("You, Me and the Big C" podcast).
- 2023 - The Republic of Korea abandons its age-counting system that considers people to be age 1 at birth.
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