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What happened in history on this day: June 30?
On June 30 in ...
- 296 - Saint Marcellinus begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
- 1294 - Jews are expelled from Berne Switzerland.
- 1470 - Birth of Charles VIII king of France (1483-98), invaded Italy.
- 1520 - An estimated $350 million (1981 value) worth of gold bullion, plus jewels, are stolen by Spaniards under Hernando Cortez from Aztec empire. Aztec warriors attack about 500 Spaniards and Indians trying to leave Tenochtitlan by a causeway across Lake Texcoco. Much of the treasure falls to the bottom of the lake.
- 1607 - Annales Ecclesiastici (Scientific History of Catholicism) published.
- 1741 - Pope Benedict XIV encyclical forbidding traffic in alms.
- 1768 - Birth of Elizabeth Kortright Monroe first lady.
- 1794 - Battle of Fort Recovery, Ohio.
- 1819 - Birth of William A Wheeler; 19th Vice President (Republican, 1877-81).
- 1834 - US Congress creates Indian Territory (later Oklahoma).
- 1837 - Birth of Stephen D Ramseur; youngest West Pointer to be Major General.
- 1859 - French acrobat Charles Blondin is first to cross Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
- 1862 - Day six of the Seven Days - Battle of White Oak Swamp.
- 1864 - US President Abraham Lincoln signs act ceding Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias to California for preservation as a state park.
- 1871 - Guatemala revolts for agrarian reforms.
- 1874 - In Chin-kuei Shan and Ming-tung Li, China, huge stones fall from the sky, crushing a cottage, killing one child.
- 1881 - Henry Highland Garnet is named US minister to Liberia.
- 1882 - Death of Charles Guiteau by hanging, for the assassination of President James Garfield.
- 1893 - Excelsior diamond (blue-white 995 carats) is discovered.
- 1894 - The Prince of Wales officially opens the Tower Bridge in London, England.
- 1894 - Korea declares independence from China, asks for Japanese aid.
- 1896 - Birth of Wilfred Pelletier in Montreal, Quebec, Canada; conductor (Voice of Firestone).
- 1898 - Birth of George Chandler in Waukegan, Illinois, USA; actor (Lassie).
- 1900 - Four German liners burn at Hobokon Docks, New Jersey, USA; 326 die.
- 1902 - S I Bailey discovers asteroid #504 Cora.
- 1906 - The Pure Food and Drug Act, and the Meat Inspection Act are adopted in the USA.
- 1908 - A bright fireball is seen shooting over Vanavara on the Stony Tunguska River in central Siberia, Russia, exploding 5-10km above the forest, knocking trees flat over 2150km2 area, burning an area 1000km2, sucking ash 20km into the atmosphere, incinerating many herds of reindeer and killing a few people. The explosion is heard 1000km away. The object, likely a comet or asteroid fragment, is estimated to have been 1-5 tons, 156m diameter.
- 1909 - Birth of Juan Bosch; poet/president of the Dominican Republic (1962-63).
- 1911 - Birth of Czeslaw Milosz; Polish/American writer (Nobel Prize 1980).
- 1911 - US Assay Office in Saint Louis, Missouri closes.
- 1912 - Birth of Dan Reeves; NFL team owner (Cleveland Rams, Los Angeles Rams).
- 1913 - Second Balkan War begins.
- 1913 - Birth of Harry Wismer in Port Huron, Michigan, USA; AFL owner (New York Titans).
- 1914 - Mahatma Gandhi's first arrest, campaigning for Indian rights in South Africa.
- 1916 - Birth of David Wayne; actor (Adam's Rib, The Andromeda Strain, Three Faces of Eve).
- 1916 - Chick Evans Junior wins golf's US Open.
- 1917 - Birth of Buddy Rich in Brooklyn, New York, USA; drummer/orchestra leader (with Bunny Berrigan, Artie Shaw, Tommy Dorsey, Buddy Rich Band - "Away We Go").
- 1917 - Birth of Lena Horne in Brooklyn, New York, USA; singer ("Stormy Weather").
- 1918 - Birth of Stuart Foster in Binghamton, New York, USA; singer (with Tommy Dorsey, Ina Ray Hutton, Galen Drake Show TV show).
- 1918 - Birth of Susan Hayward in Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York, USA; actress (I Want to Live, Tulsa).
- 1918 - In Richardton, North Dakota, USA, a chondrite meteorite falls striking a building.
- 1920 - Birth of Zeno Colo in Italy; downhill skier (Olympic-gold-1952).
- 1923 - New Zealand claims Ross Dependency in Antarctica.
- 1925 - Birth of Micheline Lannoy in Belgium; figure skating pairs (Olympic-gold-1948).
- 1927 - Augusto Cesar Sandino issues his Manifesto Politico.
- 1927 - US Assay Office in Deadwood, South Dakota closes.
- 1928 - Birth of June Valli in the Bronx, New York, USA; singer (Your Hit Parade TV show, Stop The Music, The Ed Sullivan Show, "Crying in the Chapel").
- 1930 - First round-the-world radio broadcast, Schenectady, New York.
- 1930 - Birth of June Valli in Bronx, New York, USA; singer (Your Hit Parade).
- 1933 - Saint Louis Cardinals' Dizzy Dean strikes out 17 Chicago Cubs to win 8-2.
- 1933 - US Assay Offices in Helena (Montana), Boise (Idaho), and Salt Lake City (Utah) close.
- 1934 - In Germany, two days of officially instigated murders begin. Between 100 and 2000 opponents of Adolf Hitler are killed. Heinrich Himmler's Schutzstaffel (SS) kill mostly Sturm Abteilung (SA) leaders, including head Ernst Roehm. The period becomes known as the "Night of the Long Knives".
- 1934 - Birth of Harry Blackstone Junior; magician (Blackstone Book of Magic and Illusion).
- 1934 - French Equitorial Africa constitutes a single administrative unit.
- 1934 - NFL's Portsmouth Spartans become the Detroit Lions.
- 1935 - C Jackson discovers asteroid #1784 Benguella.
- 1936 - The book Gone with the Wind is published, written by Margaret Mitchell.
- 1936 - 40-hour work week law approved (federal).
- 1936 - Birth of Nancy Dussault in Pensacola, Florida, USA; actress (Muriel - Too Close for Comfort, Good Morning America).
- 1936 - Birth of Tony Musante in Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA; actor (David Toma - Toma, Nowhere to Hide, Oz, As the World Turns).
- 1938 - Birth of Billy Mills; American 10km runner (Olympic-gold-1964).
- 1938 - Final game at Philadelphia's Baker Bowl, New York Giants beat Philadelphia Phillies 14-1.
- 1939 - The Hatay area of Syria is annexed to Turkey.
- 1939 - Heinkel He. 176 rocket plane flies for first time, at Peenemünde.
- 1940 - Brenda Starr cartoon strip, by Dale Messick, first appears in Chicago, Illinois.
- 1940 - US Fish and Wildlife Service is established.
- 1942 - US Mint in New Orleans ceases operation.
- 1943 - Birth of Florence Ballard in Detroit, Michigan, USA; singer (the Supremes - "Where Did Our Love Go" (1964)).
- 1944 - Birth of Glenn Shorrock; vocalist (Little River Band - "Help Is On Its Way").
- 1944 - Birth of Ron Swoboda; baseball outfielder (New York Yankees, New York Mets).
- 1948 - Cleveland Indians' Bob Lemon no-hits Detroit Tigers, 2-0.
- 1948 - John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley of Bell Telephone Laboratories demonstrate their new invention of the transistor as a substitute for radio vaccuum tubes.
- 1950 - Birth of Donna Jean Willmott in Akron, Ohio, USA; FALN member (FBI most wanted).
- 1950 - US President Harry Truman orders US troops into Korea.
- 1951 - Birth of Stanley Clarke; bass guitarist (New Barbarians - "Find Out Hideaway").
- 1951 - Birth of Stephen S Oswald in Seattle, Washington, USA; astronaut (STS 42).
- 1951 - In the USA, NAACP begins attack on school segregation and discrimination.
- 1952 - CBS-TV debuts soap opera The Guiding Light.
- 1952 - Birth of David Garrison; actor (Married...with Children).
- 1953 - Birth of Hal Lindes; guitarist (Dire Straits).
- 1953 - The first production Corvette rolls off the assembly line at Chevrolet Plant Number 35, near Flint, Michigan, USA. The Corvette is the first dream-car to become a production model, and first series-production car with a fiberglass body.
- 1954 - New York Yankees' pitcher Tom Morgan ties record by hitting three batters in one inning.
- 1955 - Birth of David Alan Grier; actor (Thank God You're Here, Life with Bonnie, In Living Colour).
- 1958 - Birth of Esa-Pekka Salonen in Helsinki, Finland; conductor (Giro).
- 1959 - Birth of Vincent D'Onofrio; actor (Law and Order: Criminal Intent).
- 1959 - During a game in Wrigley Field, two balls are in play at same time.
- 1960 - Belgian Congo gains independence from Belgium, as Congo.
- 1961 - Dr Lee De Forest, radio pioneer, dies at age 87.
- 1961 - Explorer 12 fails to reach Earth orbit.
- 1962 - Birth of Deirdre Lovejoy; actress (The Wire).
- 1962 - Birth of Julianne Regan; rocker (All About Eve - "All About Scarlet").
- 1962 - Los Angeles Dodgers' Sandy Koufax no-hits New York Mets, 5-0.
- 1962 - Murie Lindstrom wins US Women's Golf Open.
- 1963 - Birth of Rupert Graves; actor (Forsyte Saga 2002).
- 1963 - Cardinal Montini elected Pope Paul VI, 262nd head of Roman Catholic Church.
- 1964 - Centaur 3 launch vehicle fails to make Earth orbit.
- 1965 - NFL grants Atlanta Falcons a franchise.
- 1966 - Birth of "Iron" Mike Tyson; heavyweight boxing champion (1986-90).
- 1967 - Philadelphia Phillies' Cookie Rojas pitches, plays 9th position since joining team.
- 1969 - Birth of Tom Drummond; bassist (Better Than Ezra).
- 1969 - Derek Clayton of Australia sets marathon record at 2:08:34.
- 1969 - Spain returns Ifni (piece of southern Morocco) to Morocco.
- 1970 - First baseball game at Cincinnati's Riverfront Stadium.
- 1970 - Birth of Brian Bloom; actor (As the World Turns, Drive, DayBreak).
- 1970 - Brazil beats Italy 4-1 in soccer's 9th World Cup at Mexico City.
- 1970 - T Smirnova discovers asteroid #2139 Makharadze.
- 1971 - Birth of Monica Potter; actress (Boston Legal, Young and the Restless).
- 1971 - Three cosmonauts die as Soyuz XI depressurizes during reentry.
- 1971 - Ohio becomes the 38th state to approve of lowering the voting age to 18, thus ratifying 26th amendment.
- 1972 - Cincinnati Reds are 11 games back in National League (and go on to win the pennant).
- 1973 - Observers aboard Concorde jet observe 72-minute solar eclipse.
- 1973 - ABC TV debuts The Burns and Schreiber Comedy Hour, starring Jack Burns and Avery Schreiber.
- 1974 - Alberta King [Mrs Martin Luther King Sr] is shot and killed in church.
- 1974 - Petty thief Peter Leonard sets fire to cover burglary that torches "Gulliver's" nightclub killing 24 (Port Chester, New York).
- 1976 - John Walker of New Zealand sets record for 2000 metre, 4:51.4.
- 1977 - US President Jimmy Carter cancels B-1A bomber, later "B-1's the B-52".
- 1977 - Marvel Comics publishes the Kiss book tributing the rock group Kiss.
- 1977 - US Railway Post Office final train run (New York to Washington DC).
- 1977 - New York Yankees' designated hitter Cliff Johnson hits three consecutive home runs in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- 1978 - Ethiopia begins a massive offensive in Eritrea.
- 1978 - Larry Doby becomes manager of the Chicago White Sox.
- 1978 - Willie McCovey becomes the 12th to hit 500 home runs.
- 1978 - Death of Bill Harrah, Las Vegas casino owner.
- 1982 - Birth of Lizzy Caplan; actress (The Class, Related).
- 1982 - US Federal Equal Rights Amendment fails three states short of ratification.
- 1982 - Paramount releases the film An Officer and a Gentleman to theaters.
- 1983 - Mary Livingstone, actress (Jack Benny Show), dies at age 75.
- 1983 - Canadian pay-TV arts network C-Channel ends.
- 1983 - Birth of Cheryl Cole; British singer (Girls Aloud).
- 1984 - John Napier Turner becomes Canada's 17th Prime Minister.
- 1984 - Birth of Fantasia Barrino; singer (American Idol TV show winner).
- 1984 - In Aomori, Japan, a building is struck by a falling meteorite.
- 1985 - Yul Brynner gives his 4,625th and final performance in the musical The King and I.
- 1987 - In Canada, the Royal Canadian Mint releases the new "Loonie" $1 coin for circulation, depicting a loon resting on a lake. The coin is smaller than the nickel $1 coin, eleven-sided, and made of bronze.
- 1987 - Patrik Sjoberg of Sweden set a new world record in the high jump.
- 1988 - Roman Catholic Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrates four bishops at Ecône, Switzerland for his apostolate, along with Bishop Antonio de Castro Mayer, without a papal mandate.
- 1988 - ABC-TV airs the final episode of the cop spoof Sledge Hammer!.
- 1989 - US Attorney General Thornburgh orders Joseph Doherty deported to the United Kingdom.
- 1989 - NASA closes down tracking stations in Santiago, Chile, and Guam.
- 1989 - New York State Legislature passes Staten Island seccession bill.
- 1991 - Portugal wins the FIFA U-20 World Cup defeating Brazil on the final by 4-2, after penalty shoot out, in Lisbon, Portugal.
- 1995 - The German Bundestag votes to send German troops to Bosnia as a part of the international peace keeping mission.
- 1995 - Universal releases the film Apollo 13 to theaters.
- 1995 - Death of Gale Gordon at age 89; supporting actor (Fibber McGee radio show, Our Miss Brooks radio and TV shows, Here's Lucy TV show, Dennis the Menace TV show).
- 1996 - Costas Simitis is elected President of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement of Greece.
- 1996 - Germany beats the Czech Republic 2-1 to become the 1996 European soccer champion.
- 1999 - After a loss at Wimbledon, Boris Becker announces that he will end his tennis career.
- 2000 - At the Roskilde Festival near Copenhagen, Denmark, 9 die and 26 are injured on a set while the rock group Pearl Jam performs.
- 2001 - Death of Chet Atkins at age 77 of cancer in Nashville, Tennessee, USA; country music guitarist (Elvis Presley's "Heartbreak Hotel", Hank Williams' "Jambalaya", Everly Brothers' "Wake Up Little Susie"), producer and executive (R-C-A Records, Dolly Parton, Roy Orbison, Jim Reeves, Charley Pride, Waylon Jennings, Eddy Arnold).
- 2002 - Brazil defeats Germany in the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
- 2003 - Intel debuts the Itanium 2 processor.
- 2003 - Death of Buddy Hackett at age 78; comedian and actor (Stanley TV show).
- 2004 - Preliminary hearings begin in Iraq in the trial of former president Saddam Hussein, for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
- 2004 - Sony releases the film Spider-Man 2 to theaters.
- 2005 - Spain joins Belgium and the Netherlands in permitting same-sex marriage.
- 2005 - The Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) is passed by the United States.
- 2006 - Boston Red Sox set a new Major League record of 17 consecutive errorless games.
- 2006 - Death of Mohamed Haneef, Maldivian Politician and former Vice-President of Islamic Democratic Party of Maldives (born 1946).
- 2007 - The Hawaii Superferry arrives in Honolulu after a 7,600-mile journey from Mobile, Alabama.
- 2007 - A Jeep Cherokee drives into the entrance of the main terminal of Glasgow International Airport in an apparent terrorist incident, resulting in a petrol-driven fire.
- 2007 - A calendar blue moon occurs in most of the Eastern Hemisphere.
- 2007 - The FIFA U-20 World Cup 2007 soccer tournament takes place in Canada.
- 2007 - A parliamentary election is held in Papua New Guinea.
- 2008 - Austria Post sells the first sheet of stamps honoring the final game of the 2008 Union of European Football Associations' soccer championships, 85 minutes after the design was approved, and gaining honor of recognition by Guiness World Records for the fastest printing of a postage stamp.
- 2008 - At the U.S. Olympic swimming trials in Omaha, Nebraska, American swimmer Michael Phelps sets a world record in the 400-metre individual medley at 4:05.25. Katie Hoff also wins the women's 400-metre individual medley, in 4:31.12.
- 2008 - US President George Bush signs a US$162 billion war spending bill for Iraq and Afghanistan.
- 2009 - Yemenia Airbus 310 carrying 153 people plunges into the ocean north of the Comoros Islands. The only survivor is a 14-year old girl.
- 2009 - Minnesota Supreme Court rules Al Franken is the winner of the November 2008 election as US Senator, by a margin of 312 votes. This gives the Democrats 60 senators in Congress.
- 2009 - A car bomb explodes in Iraq's northern city of Kirkuk, killing at least 32 people and wounded more than 100.
- 2009 - US troops formally hand over security duties to new Iraqi forces, and withdraw from towns and cities in Iraq. Some 131,000 US troops remain in Iraq.
- 2009 - A freight train carrying gas derails in northern Italy and explodes, killing at least 14 people.
- 2010 - Christian Wulff is elected president of Germany, on the third round of voting.
- 2010 - Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino, the son of an assassinated opposition leader and a former president is sworn in as the 15th president of the Philippines.
- 2010 - Nepalese Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal announces his resignation.
- 2010 - Summit Entertainment releases the film The Twilight Saga: Eclipse to theaters.
- 2010 - 24-year-old Czech Tomas Berdych defeats six-time Wimbledon tennis champ Roger Federer of Switzerland 6-4, 3-6, 6-1, 6-4 in the Wimbledon elimination matches.
- 2012 - Death of Yitzhak Shamir, 7th Prime Minister of Israel (born 1915).
- 2014 - Death of Äeljko èturanovic, Prime Minister of Montenegro (born 1960).
- 2015 - Cuba becomes the first country in the world to eradicate mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis.
- 2016 - Mondelez International offers US$23 billion to acquire Hershey.
- 2016 - Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte as President of the Philippines.
- 2017 - Universal releases the film Despicable Me 3 to theaters.
- 2017 - Death of Darrall Imhoff, American basketball player (born 1938).
- 2019 - During a trilateral gathering at the Panmunjom Truce Village between South Korean President Moon Jae-in, North Korean Leader Kim Jong-un and United States President Donald Trump, Trump becomes the first sitting U.S. president to cross the Korean Demilitarized Zone and enter North Korea. Trump and Kim also agree to restart stalled denuclearization negotiations.
- 2020 - The People's Republic of China passes the Hong Kong national security law, allowing the Chinese government to crack down on opposition to Beijing at home or abroad.
- 2021 - Death of Bonfoh Abass, Acting President of Togo (born 1948).
- 2022 - Ferdinand Marcos Junior is sworn in as president of the Philippines.
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