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What happened in history on this day: July 2?
On July 2 in ...
- 311 - (or 310) Saint Militiades begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
- 419 - Birth of Valentinian III, Roman emperor (425-55).
- 1298 - Death of Graf Adolf von Nassau near Worms, Germany; King of the Germans until deposed by the Habsburg, Albert I.
- 1457 - Kristian of Oldenburg, King of Norway and Denmark, is elected King of Sweden, after agreeing to limitations on royal prerogative.
- 1489 - Birth of Thomas Cranmer England, archbishop/reformer/martyr.
- 1566 - Nostradamus, French astrologer/physician/prophet, dies in Salon.
- 1644 - Battle of Marston Moor at York, England; Parliamentary and Scot forces defeat royalists, massacre the royalist infantry.
- 1644 - William Gascoigne, introduced telescopic sights, is killed at age 24.
- 1714 - Birth of Christoph Gluck in Erasbach (Germany); opera writer (Orfeo ed Eurydice, Alceste, Iphigenie en Tauride).
- 1776 - Continental Congress resolves "these United Colonies are and of right ought to be Free and Independent States".
- 1777 - Vermont becomes the first American territory to abolish slavery.
- 1787 - Marquis de Sade shouts from Bastille that prisoners are being slaughtered.
- 1808 - Simon Fraser completes his trip down Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, lands at Musqueam.
- 1821 - Birth of Charles Tupper; 6th Canadian Prime Minister (Conservative, 1896).
- 1822 - King William IV grants a royal charter to the Bank of Montreal.
- 1822 - Denmark Vesey and five aides hanged at Blake's Landing, Charleston, South Carolina. Vesey was a former slave who led a large group of slaves to attempt to gain freedom by force.
- 1839 - 53 African slaves led by Joseph Cinque take over the slave ship Amistad.
- 1843 - An alligator falls from the sky during a thunderstorm in Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
- 1858 - Partial emancipation of Russian serfs.
- 1862 - Birth of William Henry Bragg near Wigtown, Cumberland, England; physicist (Nobel Prize in Physics 1915).
- 1862 - US President Abraham Lincoln signs act granting land for state agricultural colleges.
- 1863 - Day two of the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA: General James Longstreet leads the main Confederate attack, but USA forces retain control of their strategic positions. After three hours, the total number of dead at Gettysburg stand at 35,000.
- 1864 - Statuary Hall in US Capitol established.
- 1865 - Birth of Lili Braun in Prussia; feminist/socialist writer (Im Schatten Titanen).
- 1867 - First US elevated railroad begins service, New York City.
- 1877 - Birth of Hermann Hesse in Switzerland; novelist/poet (Steppenwolf, Nobel Prize 1946) (dies 1962).
- 1881 - At a railroad station in Washington, D.C., US President James Garfield is shot twice from behind by Charles Guiteau.
- 1884 - Birth of Otto Böhm in Prussia; scientist (helped create Radar in England).
- 1885 - Canada's North-west Insurrection ends with surrender of Big Bear.
- 1887 - Birth of Marcel Tabuteau in Compiègne, France; oboist (Philadelphia Orchestra 1915-54).
- 1890 - Sherman Antitrust Act prohibits industrial monopolies in the USA.
- 1894 - Birth of Walter Brennan in Swampscott, Massachusetts, USA; actor (Real McCoys).
- 1900 - Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin launches first airship LZ-1 at Lake Constance in Germany.
- 1903 - Birth of Lord Alex Douglas-Home; British Prime Minister (Conservative, 1963-64).
- 1903 - Birth of Olav V in England; King of Norway (1957).
- 1906 - Birth of Hans Bethe; physicist (Nobel Prize 1967), peace worker.
- 1908 - Birth of Thurgood Marshall in Maryland, USA; Supreme Court justice (1967-91).
- 1911 - Austrian conductor Felix Mottl dies in Munich at age 55 while conducting Wagner's Tristan and Isolde.
- 1914 - Birth of Frederick Fennell in Cleveland, Ohio, USA; conductor (Time and the Winds).
- 1916 - Birth of Barry Gray AKA Bernard Yaroslaw in Red Lion, New Jersey, USA; New York radio personality, father of the "Call-In" radio format.
- 1916 - Birth of Ken Curtis in Las Animas, Colorado, USA; singer (Shep Fields Orchestra, Tommy Dorsey, Roy Rogers, The Sons of the Pioneers), actor (Festus - Gunsmoke, Ripcord, The Yellow Rose).
- 1919 - Birth of Johnny Bradford in Long Branch, New Jersey, USA; actor (Ransom Sherman Show).
- 1921 - First million dollar gate (US$1.7 million) boxing match (Jack Dempsey knocks out Carpentier).
- 1922 - Birth of Dan Rowan in Beggs, Oklahoma, USA; comedian (Rowan and Martin's Laugh-in).
- 1925 - Birth of Medgar Wiley Evers near Decatur, Mississippi, USA; African-American civil rights leader (murdered 1963).
- 1925 - Birth of Marvin Rainwater in Wichita, Kansas, USA; country singer (Ozark Jubilee).
- 1926 - Birth of Lee Allen in Pittsburg, Kansas, USA; tenor sax ("Walkin' With Mr Lee").
- 1926 - US Army Air Corps created; Distinguish Flying Cross authorized.
- 1927 - Helen Wills Moody is first American to win Wimbeldon tennis championships in 20 years.
- 1927 - Birth of Brock Peters AKA George Fisher in New York City, New York, USA; actor/singer (Carmen Jones, To Kill a Mockingbird, Joseph Sisko - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine).
- 1927 - Birth of Cornelius "Kees" Broekman in Holland; speed skater (Olympic-silver-1952).
- 1928 - Birth of Pavel Kohout in Czechoslovakia; author (Poor Murderer).
- 1931 - Birth of Robert Ito in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Canadian actor (Sam - Quincy M.E.).
- 1932 - Franklin Roosevelt makes first presidential nominating conventional acceptance speech.
- 1933 - Carl Hubbell shuts-out Saint Louis Cardinals 1-0 in 18 innings without a walk.
- 1935 - Birth of Gilbert Kalish in Brooklyn, New York, USA; pianist/professor (SUNY Stony Brook).
- 1935 - C Jackson discovers asteroid #1357 Khama.
- 1935 - Great Britain boxers beat US team in first international Golden Gloves.
- 1937 - Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan disappear over Pacific Ocean.
- 1937 - Birth of Polly Holliday in Jasper, Alabama, USA; actress (Flo - Alice, Flo - Flo).
- 1937 - Birth of Richard Petty; auto race driver (Daytona 500-1979,1981).
- 1937 - C Jackson discovers asteroids #1429 Pemba and #1456 Saldanha.
- 1938 - Helen Wills Moody (US) wins her 8th and final Wimbeldon singles tournament.
- 1939 - Birth of John Sununu; US Secretary of State (1989-91).
- 1939 - Birth of Paul Williams in Birmingham, Alabama, USA; singer (The Temptations - "The Way You Do the Things You Do", "My Girl", "Just My Imagination").
- 1940 - Birth of Georgi Ivan Ivanov; first Bulgarian space traveler (Soyuz 33).
- 1940 - Lake Washington (Seattle, Washington) Floating Bridge dedicated.
- 1940 - In Montreal, Canada, a train with sealed cars delivers to the Bank of Canada 30 million Pounds Sterling of gold bars and 200 million Pounds Sterling in marketable securities. This had been transferred from the Bank of England to Halifax, Nova Scotia, via the HMS Emerald battleship, for safekeeping during the war. This is the largest single transfer of wealth in world history to date.
- 1941 - Joe DiMaggio breaks Willie Keeler's 44-game baseball hitting streak (45th of 56).
- 1943 - Cleveland Indians score 12 runs in fourth inning and beat New York Yankees 12-0.
- 1945 - The Okinawa campaign is declared over. Total US casualties are 80,000 (dead, wounded, missing, non-combat sickness). Total Japanese casualties are 120,000.
- 1946 - Anthony Overton, publisher/cosmetics manufacturer/banker, dies at age 81.
- 1946 - Birth of Ron Silver in New York City, New York, USA; actor (Gary - Rhoda, Dear Detective, Baker's Dozen, Entity, Silkwood, Best Friends).
- 1947 - Birth of Larry David; writer-director-actor (Curb Your Enthusiasm, Seinfeld).
- 1948 - Birth of Saul Rubinek; actor (Frasier, Nero Wolfe Mystery, Ink).
- 1949 - Red Barber's Clubhouse sports show premieres on CBS (later NBC) TV.
- 1949 - Birth of Roy Bittan; keyboardist (E Street Band).
- 1952 - Birth of Linda M Godwin in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA; PhD/astronaut (STS 37).
- 1954 - Birth of Wendy Schaal in Chicago, Illinois, USA; actress (It's a Living, Julie - Fantasy Island).
- 1955 - ABC Television premieres The Lawrence Welk Show.
- 1956 - Birth of Jeffrey Cooper; guitarist (Midnight Star - "No Parking").
- 1956 - Birth of Julie Montgomery in Kansas City, Missouri; actress (Samantha - One Life to Live, Kindred).
- 1957 - First submarine powered by liquid metal cooled reactor completed-the Seawolf.
- 1957 - First submarine designed to fire guided missiles launched, Grayback.
- 1957 - Birth of Mike Anger; rocker (The Blow Monkeys - "Wicked Ways").
- 1959 - Birth of Wendy B Lawrence in Jacksonville, Florida, USA; US Navy Lieutenant Commander/astronaut.
- 1961 - Birth of Jimmy McNichol in Los Angeles, California, USA; actor (The Fitzpatricks, California Fever).
- 1961 - Writer Ernest Hemingway shoots himself to death in Ketchum, Idaho, USA.
- 1962 - The first Wal-Mart opens in Rogers, Arkansas, USA.
- 1964 - Birth of Dave Parsons; rocker (Transvision Vamp, Sham 69 - "That's Life").
- 1964 - Birth of José Canseco in Havana, Cuba; baseball player for Oakland Athletics (1986 Rookie Year, 1988 American League Most Valuable Player).
- 1964 - Glenn "Fireball" Roberts, biggest NASCAR money winner, dies in crash.
- 1964 - U.S. President Lyndon Johnson signs into law the Civil Rights Act, in a televised ceremony in the White House. The Act prohibits racial discrimination in employment and education and outlaws racial segregation in public places such as schools, buses, parks and swimming pools.
- 1965 - Birth of Dave Parsons; bassist (Bush).
- 1966 - Billie Jean King wins her first (of six) Wimbeldon single titles.
- 1969 - The International resort/casino opens in Las Vegas Boulevard, Nevada. With 1500 rooms, it is the world's largest hotel, with the world's largest casino, at 29,000 square feet.
- 1970 - Near Sivas, Turkey, a magnitude 4.8 earthquake occurs.
- 1970 - Birth of Yancy Butler; actress (Witchblade, Brooklyn South).
- 1973 - Death of George Macready at age 73 of emphysema; actor (Martin Peyton - Peyton Place TV show).
- 1973 - Death of Betty Grable at age 56 of lung cancer; actress (Chrysler Shower of Stars TV show, Ford Star Jubilee, Star Stage TV show).
- 1973 - Swede Savage dies from injuries at Indianapolis 500.
- 1974 - Birth of Allison McCurdy, in Fort Worth, Texas, USA; Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader (1996-97), actress (Fatal Kiss), pin-up calendar model (50+ appearances), executive (My Gig Productions).
- 1974 - Fernando Mameda of Portugal sets record for 10km (27:13.81).
- 1976 - The Democratic Republic of Viet Nam completes takeover of the former Republic of Viet Nam.
- 1976 - US Supreme Court rules death penalty not inherently cruel or unusual.
- 1977 - Sweden's Björn Borg wins Wimbeldon men's singles over Jimmy Connors.
- 1978 - Pitcher Ron Guidry sets New York Yankees record of 13-0 start.
- 1979 - The US Mint releases the new Susan B. Anthony small diameter dollar coin to circulation.
- 1981 - Birth of Paul Anthony Finn; Irish singer and songwriter (The Flaws).
- 1981 - L E Gonzalez discovers asteroid #3495 Colchagua.
- 1982 - Larry Walters, a.k.a. Lawn Chair Larry, flies 16,000 feet above Long Beach, California in lawn chair with weather balloons attached.
- 1982 - Soyuz T-6 returns to Earth.
- 1983 - Birth of Michelle Branch; American singer (The Wreckers).
- 1984 - Standard Oil of California changes its company name to Chevron.
- 1984 - Birth of Vanessa Lee Chester; actress (Once and Again).
- 1985 - Birth of Ashley Tisdale; actress (Suite Life of Zach and Cody).
- 1985 - European Space Agency launches Giotto to Halley's Comet.
- 1985 - Proto launched to Halley's Comet.
- 1986 - Birth of Lindsay Lohan; American actress and singer (Bette, Driven, Herbie Fully Loaded).
- 1986 - US Supreme Court upholds affirmative action in two rulings.
- 1987 - Michael Bennet, Chorus Line director, dies of AIDS at age 44.
- 1988 - Steffi Graff beats Martina Navratilova for Wimbeldon crown.
- 1989 - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece, resigns. A new government is formed under Tzannis Tzannetakis.
- 1990 - Imelda Marcos and Adnan Khashoggi found not guilty of racketeering.
- 1990 - A stampede in a pedestrian tunnel leading to Mecca kills 1,426.
- 1990 - In Masvingo, Zimbabwe, a meteorite falls harmlessly to the ground.
- 1990 - Death of Snooky Lanson at age 76; singer (Your Hit Parade TV show).
- 1991 - Death of Lee Remick at age 55 from liver and kidney cancer; actress (Ike, Wheels, Mistral's Daughter, QB VII, Around the World in 80 Days, Studio One TV show, Robert Montgomery Presents TV show, Playhouse 90 TV show, Hallmark Hall of Fame TV show).
- 1992 - The one millionth Corvette car is built. It is an Arctic White LT1 convertible, with red interior and black top. Chevrolet donates the car to the National Corvette Museum.
- 1993 - Death of Fred Gwynne at age 76 of pancreatic cancer; actor (The Munsters, Car 54 Where are You?).
- 1993 - Paramount releases the film The Firm to theaters.
- 1993 - Disney re-releases the film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to theaters in the USA. The film had been painstakingly restored and flaws were fixed by Eastman Kodak's Cinesite division over 18 weeks.
- 1994 - Colombian football player Andrés Escobar, 27, is shot dead in Bogotá.
- 1997 - Death of James Stewart at age 89 of cardiac arrest; actor (The Six Shooter radio show, The Jimmy Stewart Show TV show, Hawkins TV show).
- 1997 - The Thai currency, baht, is allowed to float freely according to market forces.
- 1997 - Sony releases the film Men in Black to theaters.
- 1997 - Tom Walters of Meridian, Mississippi wins powerball of US$11 million.
- 1997 - A supertanker strikes a shallow reef in Tokyo Bay, Japan, leaking an estimated 1.7 million litres of crude oil.
- 1999 - Benjamin Nathaniel Smith begins a three-day killing spree targeting racial and ethnic minorities in Illinois and Indiana, USA.
- 2000 - France beats Italy 2-1 to win Euro 2000 with a golden goal.
- 2000 - Vicente Fox is elected President of Mexico, as candidate of the rightist PAN (National Action Party), ending 71 years of PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) rule.
- 2001 - The world's first self-contained artificial heart is implanted in Robert Tools.
- 2002 - Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly solo around the world in a balloon.
- 2002 - Death of Hal Simms at age 83 in a nursing home in Massachusetts, USA; CBS television announcer (Beat the Clock, To Tell the Truth, The Guiding Light, The Frank Sinatra Show).
- 2003 - At the International Olympic Committee session in Prague, Vancouver, British Columbia is declared the Host City for the XXI Olympic Winter Games in 2010.
- 2003 - Warner Bros. releases the film Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines to theaters.
- 2005 - Live 8, a series of 10 simultaneous concerts take place throughout the world, raising interest in the Make Poverty History campaign.
- 2006 - A presidential election is held in Mexico. Felipe Calderón is confirmed as the winner on September 5.
- 2006 - Death of Jan Murray AKA Murray Janofsky at age 88 from emphysema and pneumonia; comedian/TV host (Dollar a Second, Treasure Hunt (1956-1959), Songs for Sale, Sing It Again, Go Lucky, Blind Date).
- 2007 - Venus and Saturn are in conjunction, separation 46 arcsecs.
- 2007 - US President George Bush annuls the 30-month prison sentence given to Lewis Libby for perjury and obstruction of justice.
- 2007 - 10th anniversary of the collapse of the Thai baht, which triggered the Asian Financial Crisis.
- 2007 - Death of Hy Zaret at age 99 at his home in Westport, Connecticut, USA; lyricist ("Unchained Melody").
- 2008 - In England, the country's largest house builder fails to raise 500 million pounds (US$1 billion), and is forced to write down the value of about 660 million pounds worth of land. The company's share value is now about 1/15th of a year ago.
- 2008 - Sony releases the film Hancock to theaters.
- 2008 - Colombia soldiers disguised as members of a non-government organization trick FARC rebels into releasing fifteen long-held hostages. They are French-Colombian politician Ingrid Betancourt, held for six years, three American defence department contractors, and eleven members of the Colombian security forces.
- 2009 - American forces led by 4000 Marines begin a large offensive in southern Afghanistan against Taliban forces.
- 2009 - California begins issuing billions of dollars in "IOUs" after failing to start the fiscal year with a balanced budget. With a US$26.3 billion deficit, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declares a fiscal emergency.
- 2009 - Siemens AG agrees to a US$100 million settlement with the World Bank over bribery allegations.
- 2010 - An oil fuel truck explosion in the Democratic Republic of Congo kills at least 230 people; many were trapped in buildings that caught fire from the explosion.
- 2010 - Twenty thousand people march through Israel calling for the release of captured soldier Gilad Shalit, being held by Hamas for four years.
- 2011 - Death of Itamar Franco, 37th President of Brazil (born 1930).
- 2013 - Death of Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt, Queen consort of Iran (1941-1948) (born 1921).
- 2015 - British Petroleum announces it had settled US federal, state, and local claims for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 for US$18.7 billion, to be paid over 18 years.
- 2016 - General election in Australia, narrow victory for Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, winning 76 seats of 150-seat House of Representatives.
- 2019 - A total solar eclipse occurs over South America. It is the 58th solar eclipse from Saros cycle 127.
- 2019 - Death of Lee Iacocca at age 94 (born 1924); American automobile executive (Chrysler).
- 2022 - Death of Peter Brook at age 97; English theater director (King Lear (1962), A Midsummer Night's Dream (1970), Mahabharata, The Conference of the Birds, Tierno Bokar, The Valley of Astonishment (2014)), author (The Empty Space (1968)).
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