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What happened in history on this day: July 19?
On July 19 in ...
- 514 - Saint Symmachus ends his reign as Catholic Pope.
- 532 - Start of Dionysian Pascal Cycle.
- 1050 - The Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland (Central Council of Jews in Germany) is founded in Frankfurt am Main.
- 1377 - Thomas Brantingham begins second term as lord high treasurer of the kingdom of Great Britain.
- 1510 - 38 Jews are burned at the stake in Berlin Prussia.
- 1545 - French attack English ships at Portsmouth harbor; English King Henry VIII's flagship Mary Rose is sunk either by French cannon or while hoisting sail. Loss of about 650 men.
- 1553 - 15-year-old Lady Jane Grey deposed as England's Queen after 9 days.
- 1776 - New York adopts the declaration of independence from Great Britain.
- 1801 - Birth of John Walker in Northumberland, Pennsylvania, USA; attorney (1826-35, 1849-57, 1864-69), US senator from Mississippi (1835-45), US Treasury secretary (1845-49), Kansas territory governor (1857-58).
- 1814 - Birth of Samuel Colt; inventor (colt revolver).
- 1816 - Survivors of French frigate Medusa are rescued off Senegal after 17 days.
- 1834 - Birth of Edgar Degas in France; impressionist painter (Bouquet).
- 1843 - SS Great Britain is launched by Prince Albert from Bristol, England. The ship is the largest to date, the first ocean-going ship built of iron.
- 1846 - Birth of Charles Edward Pickering; pioneering American spectroscopist.
- 1848 - First Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York.
- 1865 - Birth of Charles Horace Mayo; surgeon, cofounded Mayo Clinic.
- 1870 - France declares war on Prussia; the Franco-Prussian war begins.
- 1873 - Birth of Adam Pietz in Offenbach-am-Main, Germany; sculptor, medalist, engraver, etcher, assistant engraver at the US Mint (1927-1946).
- 1875 - Emma Abbott, a floating hospital for sick kids, makes trial trip, New York City.
- 1876 - Birth of Ignaz Seipel in Vienna, Austria; Catholic priest, author (Nation und Staat), chancellor of Austria (1922-24, 1926-29).
- 1877 - The final match of the first tennis tournament at Wimbledon is held. W. Spencer Gore defeats William Marshall 6-1, 6-2, 6-4 in 48 minutes.
- 1882 - J Palisa discovers asteroid #226 Weringia.
- 1885 - Birth of Aristides de Sousa Mendes do Amarale Abranches in Portugal; Portuguese consul general in France 1938-40, issued tens of thousands of transit visas to refugees escaping European war through Spain to Portugal.
- 1896 - Birth of A.J. Cronin in England; author (Citadel, Shining Victory).
- 1898 - Birth of Herbert Marcuse in Berlin, USA; communist philosopher (One-Dimensional Man).
- 1905 - Birth of Boyd Neel in Blackheath, Kent, England, conductor (Story of an Orchestra).
- 1906 - Birth of Klaus Egge Gransherad in Telemark, Norway; composer (Noregsonger).
- 1907 - K Lohnert discovers asteroid #639 Latona.
- 1912 - In Holbrook, Arizona, USA 14,000 meteorite stones fall; no injuries reported.
- 1913 - Billboard publishes earliest known "Last Week's 10 Best Sellers".
- 1916 - Birth of Phillip Cavaretta; baseball player (National League Most Valuable Player 1945).
- 1917 - Birth of William W Scranton; American politician (Governor-Republican-Pennsylvania).
- 1918 - German armies retreat across Marne River in France.
- 1918 - 60 miles east of New York City, USA, the USS San Diego ship has an explosion of unknown cause, sinking the ship in under 30 minutes. 1176 sailors abandon ship, 6 die.
- 1919 - Birth of Patricia Medina in Liverpool, England; actress (High-Low).
- 1920 - Birth of Robert Mann in Portland, Oregon, USA; violinist (String Quartet 1952).
- 1922 - Birth of George McGovern; American politician (Senator-Democrat-South Dakota), presidential candidate (Democrat-1972).
- 1923 - Birth of Pat Hingle in Denver, Colorado, USA; actor (Baby Boom, Norma Rae, Bloody Mama).
- 1925 - V Albitzkij discovers asteroid #1059 Mussorgskia.
- 1926 - Birth of Helen Gallagher in Brooklyn, New York, USA; actress (Ryan's Hope, Strangers When We Meet, All My Children).
- 1927 - Ty Cobb gets his 4,000th Major League Baseball hit.
- 1928 - H E Wood discovers asteroid #1305 Pongola.
- 1929 - Birth of Sofia Muratova in USSR; gymnist (Olympic-6 gold/3 silver/4 bronze-1952-60).
- 1937 - Birth of George Hamilton IV in North Carolina, USA; country singer, actor (Evel Knievel, Love at first Bite).
- 1937 - Birth of Larry Boxx; founded Land B Computer Service.
- 1938 - Birth of Richard Jordan in New York City, New York, USA; actor (Dune, Old Boyfriends, Interiors).
- 1938 - Birth of Vikki Carr in El Paso, Texas, USA; singer ("Let it Please Be Him").
- 1939 - First use of fiberglass sutures, by R.P. Scholz, Saint Louis, Missouri.
- 1940 - Birth of Dennis Cole in Detroit, Michigan, USA; actor (Felony Squad, Brackens's World, Bearcats).
- 1940 - Samuel H Chang, American newspaper magnate, is murdered in Shanghai, China.
- 1940 - In the Reichstag, Adolf Hitler makes a peace offer to Great Britain.
- 1941 - First US Army flying school for black cadets is dedicted (Tuskegee, Alabama).
- 1941 - Birth of Natalya Bessmertnova in Moscow, Russia; dancer (Bolshoi, Lenin Prize 1970).
- 1941 - British Prime Minister Winston Churchill launches his "V for Victory" campaign. The BBC World Service begins frequent playing of the first notes of Beethoven's 5th Symphony as part of the campaign.
- 1941 - President Franklin Roosevelt appoints FEP Committee.
- 1943 - Allied air forces raid Rome, Italy.
- 1943 - Birth of Roy D Bridges Junior in Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Colonel US Air Force/astronaut (STS 51F, STS 61F).
- 1945 - Birth of George Dzundza; actor (Law and Order, Jesse, Hack).
- 1946 - Birth of Ilie Nastase in Bucharest, Romania; tennis player (US Open 1972).
- 1946 - Birth of Alan Gorrie; singer-bassist (Average White Band - "Pick Up the Pieces").
- 1947 - Birth of Bernie Leadon; guitarist/vocalist (Eagles - "Take it Easy", Nitty Gritty Dirt Band).
- 1947 - Birth of Brian May; guitarist (Queen - "We are the Champions").
- 1947 - Birth of Gerard Schwarz in Weehawken, New Jersey, USA; trumpeter/conductor (Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra).
- 1948 - Birth of Beverly Archer in Oak Park, Illinois, USA; actress (Iola - Mama's Family, Major Dad).
- 1948 - Birth of Keith Godchaux; keyboardist (Grateful Dead).
- 1949 - Laos becomes associated state within French Union.
- 1950 - RKO Radio Pictures releases Disney's first entirely live-action feature film, Treasure Island, to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the novel by Robert Louis Stevenson.
- 1952 - (to August 3) The Games of the XV Olympiad are held in Helsinki, Finland.
- 1952 - Birth of Alan Collins; guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd).
- 1952 - Birth of Howard Donald Saunders in Danbury, Connecticut, USA; murderer (FBI Most Wanted List).
- 1954 - Birth of Kathleen Turner; actress (The Accidental Tourist, Jewel of the Nile).
- 1956 - Birth of Peter Barton in Valley Stream, Long Island, New York, USA; actor (Powers of Matthew Star, Sunset Beach, Burke's Law).
- 1957 - First rocket with nuclear warhead fired, Yucca Flat, Nevada, USA.
- 1957 - Don Bowden becomes first American to break 4 minute mile (3:58.7).
- 1958 - Robert Earl Hughes, weighed 1,041 pounds (473kg), dies at age 32.
- 1959 - Birth of Terri Treas in Kansas City, Kansas, USA; actress (Hannah - 7 Brides for 7 Brothers).
- 1960 - Birth of Kevin Haskins; drummer (Bauhaus, Love and Rockets - "So Alive").
- 1960 - San Francisco Giants' Juan Marichal debuts, with a one hitter against Philadelphia Phillies.
- 1961 - First in-flight movie shown (TWA).
- 1961 - Birth of Campbell Scott; actor (Six Degrees, The Kennedys of Massachusetts).
- 1962 - Birth of Anthony Edwards; actor (ER, Northern Exposure).
- 1963 - Birth of Sandor Wladar in Hungary; 200m backstroke swimmer (Olympic-gold-1980).
- 1963 - NASA civilian test pilot Joe Walker in X-15 reaches 105 km altitude.
- 1963 - Birth of Kelly Shiver; country singer (Thrasher Shiver).
- 1963 - Philadelphia Phillies' Roy Siever hits home run number 300.
- 1964 - Carol Veazie, actress (Maude - Norby), dies at age 69.
- 1965 - Birth of Clea Lewis; actress (Ellen, Andy Barker PI).
- 1966 - Governor James Rhodes declares state of emergency in Cleveland, Ohio due to race riot.
- 1967 - Race riots in Durham, North Carolina, USA.
- 1967 - US launches Explorer 35 for lunar orbit (800/7400 km).
- 1968 - Birth of Carolie DeVonne Howe in Chugwater, Wyoming, USA; Miss Wyoming-America (1991).
- 1969 - Apollo 11 enters lunar orbit.
- 1969 - Mary Jo Kopechne dies at age 28, in Senator Ted Kennedy's car.
- 1970 - Barry Wood, singer (Your Hit Parade), dies at age 61.
- 1971 - B Burnasheva discovers asteroid #2259 Sofievka.
- 1971 - Birth of Urs Buhler; singer (Il Divo).
- 1973 - Willie Mays named to National League all star team for 24th time (ties Stan Musial).
- 1974 - Cleveland Indians' Dick Bosman no-hits Oakland Athletics, 4-0.
- 1974 - Felix Aguilar Observatory discovers asteroid #3118.
- 1974 - Birth of Jason McGerr; drummer (Death Cab For Cutie).
- 1974 - Death of Joe Flynn by drowning after suffering a heart attack at age 59; actor (Captain Binghampton - McHale's Navy).
- 1975 - Death of Lefty Frizzell in Nashville after suffering a stroke at age 47; country singer ("If You've Got the Money, I've Got the Time" (1950), "Always Late" (1951), "Saginaw, Michigan" (1964)).
- 1975 - Apollo and Soyuz, linked in orbit for two days, separate.
- 1976 - Birth of RJ Williams; actor (General Hospital, Full House).
- 1976 - Rock group Deep Purple disbands.
- 1977 - N Chernykh discovers asteroid #2228 Soyuz-Apollo.
- 1977 - National League beats American League 7-5 in 48th All Star Game (Yankee Stadium, New York).
- 1979 - Oil tankers Atlantic Empress and Aegean Captain collide off Tobago, spilling about 350 million litres of crude oil.
- 1979 - The Sandinista National Liberation Front concludes a successful revolutionary campaign against the U.S. backed Somoza dictatorship and assumes power in Nicaragua.
- 1979 - Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo becomes prime minister of Portugal.
- 1979 - Maritza Sayalero of Venezuela wins the Miss Universe Pageant; the stage collapses after contestants and news photographers rush to her.
- 1980 - Former Turkish Prime Minister Nihat Erim is killed by two gunmen in Istanbul, Turkey.
- 1980 - (to August 3) The Games of the XXII Olympiad are held in Moscow, USSR. USA and other countries boycott the games due to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan.
- 1981 - Birth of Didz Hammond; bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause).
- 1982 - Birth of Jared Padalecki; American actor (Supernatural, Gilmore Girls).
- 1982 - David S Dodge becomes the first American hostage in Lebanon.
- 1984 - In the United Kingdom, a magnitude 5.4 earthquake occurs.
- 1985 - U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.
- 1985 - The Val di Stava Dam in Italy collapses.
- 1986 - Cleveland Indians' pitcher Phil Niekro wins his 307th game.
- 1989 - United Airlines Flight 232 (Douglas DC-10) crashes in Sioux City, Iowa, killing 112; 184 on board survive.
- 1989 - Death of Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (born 1913).
- 1990 - BASF plant in Cincinnatti, Ohio, explodes in flames, one dies.
- 1990 - Cincinnati Reds' player Pete Rose is sentence to five months for tax evasion.
- 1990 - Death of Herbert Nelson of a stroke at age 76; actor (The Guilding Light, Days of Our Lives).
- 1990 - Death of Johnny Wayne at age 72 of cancer; comedian (Wayne and Schuster on radio and TV, appeared on Ed Sullivan Show 52 times).
- 1990 - Richard Nixon library opens in Yorba Linda, California.
- 1991 - With New York Yankees victory, 10 of 14 American League teams are at .500 or better.
- 1993 - U.S. President Bill Clinton announces his 'Don't ask, don't tell' policy regarding gays in the American military.
- 1994 - Four 26-pound ceiling tiles fall from the roof of the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington, just hours before a scheduled Seattle Mariners game.
- 1996 - (to August 4) Games of the XXVI Olympiad are held in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
- 2000 - The first 15 women pass the test for service with weapons in the German army.
- 2000 - Apple Computer begins shipping the first personal computers with standard dual processors, the Power Mac G4 with dual 450 or 500 MHz processors.
- 2001 - United Kingdom politician and novelist Jeffrey Archer is sentenced to four years in prison for perjury and perverting the course of justice.
- 2001 - Square releases the Final Fantasy X video game for the PlayStation 2 in Japan. 2.5 million copies sell by the end of the year.
- 2002 - In Henan Province, the People's Republic of China, 25 die and hundreds are injured due to hail.
- 2004 - Death of Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (born 1911).
- 2005 - President George W. Bush nominates Appeals Court Judge John G. Roberts, Junior to the United States Supreme Court, following the retirement of Sandra Day O'Connor.
- 2007 - Prathiba Patil is elected as the first female President of India.
- 2007 - Ol Doinyo Lengai mountain erupts, bringing a stop to the daily week long tremors experienced in Nairobi and Northern Tanzania.
- 2007 - Russia expels four British embassy staff in a tit-for-tat response over Britain's expulsion of four of Russia's diplomats, and announces its officials would no longer travel to Britain, and it will stop issuing visas to British officials.
- 2007 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 14,000 for the first time in history.
- 2008 - A 6.6-magnitude earthquake strikes off the eastern coast of Japan.
- 2009 - In Sachsenring, Germany, round 9 of the FIM MotoGP Championship is won by Valentino Rossi.
- 2009 - In Brands Hatch, Great Britain, round 8 of the FIA World Touring Car Championship is held. Race 1 is won by Alain Menu; race 2 is won by Augusto Farfus.
- 2010 - David Warren, Australian scientist who invented the flight data recorder ("black box") dies at age 85.
- 2019 - The Iranian Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps captures British tanker Stena Impero and temporarily seizes British-operated and Liberian-flagged tanker Mesdar in the Persian Gulf.
- 2019 - Kosovo Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj resigns.
- 2020 - Flooding of the Brahmaputra River kills 189 and leaves 4 million homeless in India and Nepal.
- 2020 - Death of Seydou Diarra, 4th Prime Minister of Ivory Coast (born 1933).
- 2020 - Death of Nikolai Tanayev, 8th Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (born 1945).
- 2021 - Blue Origin successfully conducts its first human test flight, with a reusable New Shepard rocket delivering four crew members into space: its founder Jeff Bezos, Bezos' brother Mark, 18-year-old Oliver Daemen (who becomes the youngest person to go into space), and 82-year-old aviator and Mercury 13 member Wally Funk (who becomes the oldest person to go into space).
- 2021 - Leftist schoolteacher Pedro Castillo is confirmed as President of Peru over a month after the 2021 Peruvian general election.
- 2021 - Death of Arturo Armando Molina, 36th President of El Salvador (born 1927).
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