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What happened in history on this day: July 23?
On July 23 in ...
- 636 - Arabs gain control of most of Palestine from the Byzantine Empire.
- 685 - John V begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
- 1253 - Jews are expelled from Vienne France by order of Pope Innocent III.
- 1298 - Jews are massacred at Wurzburg Germany.
- 1599 - Caravaggio's first public commission for paintings.
- 1622 - Portuguese treasure ship Sao Jose sailing from Lisbon to Goa on the west coast of India sinks off the southeast coast of Africa. Aboard the ship were nine chests filled with tens of thousands of silver coins for the empire's trading posts in the Far East and India.
- 1641 - Spanish galleon Mestra Señora de la pura y Limpia Concepción leaves Vera Cruz, bound for Havana and Spain.
- 1649 - Birth of Pope Clement XI (dies 1721).
- 1803 - Robert Emmett's insurrected in Dublin, Ireland, begins.
- 1816 - Birth of Charlotte Sanders Cushman; US actress (Lady MacBeth).
- 1827 - First US swim school opens (Boston, Massachusetts).
- 1829 - William Austin Burt patents "typographer" (typewriter).
- 1834 - Birth of James Cardinal Gibbons; archbishop of Baltimore.
- 1844 - Death of Christian Gobrecht; fourth US chief engraver (1840-44), engraver of "seated Liberty" obverse of US silver coins 1837-1891.
- 1852 - First internment in US National Cemetary at Presidio, San Francisco, California.
- 1853 - Birth of William H Gillette; actor, portrayed Sherlock Holmes on stage.
- 1866 - Cincinnati Baseball club (The Reds) is established.
- 1871 - C H F Peters discovers asteroid #114 Kassandra.
- 1877 - First US municipal railroad, Cincinnati Southern, begins operations.
- 1880 - First commercial hydroelectric power plant begins, Grand Rapids, Mich.
- 1881 - The Federation Internationale de Gymnastique (international sport federation) is founded.
- 1885 - Death of Hiram Ulysses Grant in Mount McGregor, New York, USA; 18th President of the USA (1869-77).
- 1888 - Birth of Dr Milan Stoyadinovich in Serbia; fascist Yugoslavia Prime Minister (1935-39).
- 1888 - Birth of Gluyas Williams in San Francisco, California, USA; cartoonist (Fellows Citizen).
- 1892 - Birth of Haile Selassie; emperor of Ethiopia (1930-74).
- 1893 - Birth of Karl Menninger; psychiatrist (Menninger Clinic).
- 1894 - Birth of Arthur Treacher in Brighton, England; actor, announcer/sidekick (Merv Griffin Show), fast food restauranteur (Arthur Treacher's Fish and Chips).
- 1895 - A Charlois discovers asteroid #405 Thia.
- 1898 - Birth of Mervyn "Red" Dutton in Manitoba, Canada; second NHL president (1943-46).
- 1900 - Pan-African Congress meets in London, England.
- 1903 - The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
- 1908 - A Kopff discovers asteroids #666 Desdemona and #667 Denise.
- 1908 - Birth of Karl Swenson in Brooklyn, New York, USA; actor (Lorenzo Jones radio show, Inner Sanctum Mysteries, Dr. Kildare TV show, Gunsmoke, Maverick, Mission: Impossible, Hawaii Five-O, Lars - Little House on the Prairie).
- 1909 - M Wolf discovers asteroid #683 Lanzia.
- 1912 - Birth of Michael Wilding; actor (Derby Day).
- 1913 - Birth of Coral Browne in Melbourne, Australia; actress (Margaret - Time Express).
- 1914 - Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia demanding the person who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
- 1916 - Birth of Ben Weber in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; composer (Thorne Music Award-1965).
- 1917 - Birth of Kurt Kreuger in Saint Moritz, Switzerland; actor (Fear, Unfaithfully Yours).
- 1919 - Birth of Pee Wee Reese; Hall of Fame shortstop (Brooklyn Dodgers).
- 1920 - Kenya becomes a British crown colony.
- 1921 - Edward Gourdin of the US sets long jump record at 25 feet 2.75 inches.
- 1921 - Birth of Calvert DeForest in Brooklyn, New York, USA; actor (Larry 'Bud' Melman - Late Night with David Letterman).
- 1925 - Birth of Gloria De Haven in Louisiana, USA; actress (Bog, Yellow Cab Man, Irene - Nakia, All My Children, Ryan's Hope).
- 1925 - Birth of Pierre Baugniet in Belgium; pairs ice skater (Olympic-gold-1948).
- 1926 - Fox Film buys the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
- 1927 - Death of Reginald E.H. Dyer in Long Ashton, Bristol, England; general, ordered Amritsar shooting in 1919.
- 1928 - Birth of Leon Fleisher in San Francisco, California, USA; pianist/conductor (Annapolis Symphony 1973-77).
- 1931 - Birth of Te Atairangi Kaahu; Maori Queen (dies 2006).
- 1931 - Ashmore and Cartier Island in Indian Ocean are transferred to Australia.
- 1931 - Birth of Jan Torell Limhamm in Sweden; director (New Land, Emigrants).
- 1931 - France announces they can't afford to send a team to 1932 Los Angeles Olympics.
- 1932 - C Jackson discovers asteroid #1246 Chaka.
- 1933 - Birth of Bert Convy in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; game show host (Tattletales, Win Lose or Draw, Super Password), actor (Love of Life, The Snoop Sisters).
- 1936 - Birth of Anthony M Kennedy in California, USA; supreme court justice (1988-).
- 1936 - Birth of Don Drysdale in Van Nuys, California, USA; pitcher (Los Angeles Dodgers, Cy Young 1962).
- 1937 - Isolation of pituitary hormone announced (Yale University).
- 1938 - Birth of Ronny Cox in Cloudcroft, Massachusetts, USA; actor (St. Elsewhere, Stargate SG 1, The Agency, Apple's Way).
- 1938 - C Jackson discovers asteroid #1468 Zomba.
- 1940 - Birth of Don Imus; US radio personality (IMUS in the Morning).
- 1940 - "Blitz" begins, all-night German air raid on London, England.
- 1940 - Birth of Gary Stites; singer ("Lonely For You").
- 1942 - The Russian city of Rostov falls to German forces.
- 1944 - US forces invade Japanese-held Tinian in WW II.
- 1945 - Birth of Dino Danelli; drummer (Young Rascals).
- 1946 - Birth of Andy McKay; saxophone/oboe player (Roxy Music).
- 1947 - Birth of David Essex; singer ("Rock On").
- 1947 - Birth of Larry Manetti; actor (Magnum, P.I.).
- 1947 - First (US Navy) air squadron of jets, Quonset Point, Rhode Island.
- 1947 - Birth of Spencer Christian; weatherman (Good Morning America).
- 1948 - Birth of John Hall; singer (Orleans), US Congressman.
- 1948 - Progressive party convention nominates Henry Wallace for President.
- 1950 - Birth of Belinda J Montgomery in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; actress (The Man From Atlantis, Stone Cold Dead, Doogie Howser, Miami Vice).
- 1950 - Birth of Blair Thornton; guitarist (Bachman-Turner-Overdrive).
- 1950 - Birth of Kaity Tong; news anchor (WABC-TV, New York City).
- 1950 - The first performance of The Gene Autry Show is aired on TV.
- 1951 - Birth of Edie McClurg; actress (Cinderella (1985), Hogan Family, WKRP in Cincinnati, 7th Heaven).
- 1952 - Birth of Janis Siegel in New York City, New York, USA; jazz singer (Manhattan Transfer - "Tuxedo Junction").
- 1952 - A military junta in Egypt under command of Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrows King Farouk.
- 1953 - Former German General Nickolaus von Falkenhorst is freed from British captivity. He was condemned to death in 1946 for his part in the execution of captured British commandos.
- 1955 - Harry Haden, actor (Harry - Stu Erwin Show), dies at age 73.
- 1956 - Bell X-2 rocket plane sets world aircraft speed record of 3,050 kph.
- 1958 - First four women named to peerage in House of Lords.
- 1958 - Birth of Lydia Cornell in El Paso, Texas, USA; actress (Sara Rush - Too Close for Comfort).
- 1961 - Birth of Martin Gore; guitarist (Depeche Mode - "Just Can't Get Enough").
- 1961 - Birth of Woody Harrelson in Midland, Texas, USA; actor (Woody Boyd - Cheers, Will and Grace).
- 1962 - Birth of Eriq La Salle; actor (ER).
- 1963 - Birth of Yuval Gabay; drummer (Soul Coughing).
- 1964 - Egyptian munition ship Star of Alexandria explodes at dockside.
- 1965 - US President Lyndon Johnson signs into law the Coinage Act of 1965. Some provisions:
- authorizes re-opening the San Francisco facility as a coinage production facility,
- the composition of the dime and quarter dollar are changed from 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper to 91.67 percent copper and 8.33 percent nickel (two outer layers of 75 percent copper, bonded to core of pure copper),
- the composition of the half dollar is changed from 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper to 40 percent silver and 60 percent copper (two outer layers of 80 percent silver, bonded to a core of 21.5 percent silver),
- allows striking of 1964-dated and 1965-dated coins into 1966,
- suspends production of any silver dollar coins for five years,
- suspends use of mint marks on coinage for five years.
- 1965 - Birth of Slash; guitarist (Velvet Revolver, Guns N' Roses).
- 1967 - Birth of Philip Seymour Hoffman; actor (Empire Falls, Liberty! The American Revolution).
- 1967 - 43 killed in racial rebellion in Detroit, Michigan, USA (2,000 injured, 442 fires).
- 1968 - Birth of Beth Ehlers in Queens, New York, USA; actress (Harley Cooper - Guiding Light).
- 1968 - Birth of Stephanie Seymour in San Diego, California, USA; model (Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Cover-1988), actress (Sunny Side Up).
- 1968 - Fred Blasie wins 5th wrestling world championship belt.
- 1968 - Palestinian Liberation Organization's first hijacking of an El Al plane.
- 1968 - Race riot in Cleveland, Ohio, 11 including three cops killed.
- 1969 - National League beats American League for seventh consecutive time, 9-3 in 40th Major League Baseball All Star Game (RFK Stadium, Washington).
- 1970 - Birth of Sam Waters; vocalist (Color Me Badd - I Want to Sex You Up).
- 1970 - Birth of Charisma Carpenter; actress (Veronica Mars, Angel, Buffy the Vampire Slayer).
- 1971 - Birth of Dalvin DeGrate; singer (Jodeci).
- 1971 - Birth of Chad Gracey; drummer (Live).
- 1971 - Death of Van Heflin at age 60 after a heart attack; actor (Playhouse 90), narrator (The Great Adventure).
- 1972 - Birth of Marlon Wayans; actor-comedian (The Wayans Brothers).
- 1972 - First Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) is launched.
- 1972 - Eddy Merckx (Belgium) wins his fourth consecutive Tour de France.
- 1973 - Birth of Omar Epps; actor (House MD).
- 1973 - Ozark Air Lines' plane knocked out of the air by lightning over Saint Louis - 36 die.
- 1974 - Birth of Stephanie March; actress (Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, Conviction).
- 1974 - Greek military dictatorship collapses.
- 1974 - National League beats American League 7-2 in 45th All Star Game (Three Rivers, Pittsburgh).
- 1974 - Death of Lloyd Percival at age 61; Canadian physical fitness expert (Sports College, Fitness Institute).
- 1976 - Baltimore Orioles' player Reggie Jackson homers in 6th straight game.
- 1977 - Washington jury convicts 12 Hanafi Muslims on hostage charges.
- 1978 - Israeli cabinet rejects Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's call for return of two Sinai areas.
- 1978 - Philadelphia Phillies' Steve Carlon becomes 78th pitcher to win 200.
- 1979 - E Bowell discovers asteroid #2736 Ops.
- 1979 - Keith Godchaux, rocker (Grateful Dead), dies in a car accident at age 32.
- 1980 - Birth of Michelle Williams; American singer (Destiny's Child), actress.
- 1980 - River of No Return Wilderness Area designated by President Jimmy Carter.
- 1980 - Soyuz 37 ferries two cosmonauts (one Vietnamese) to Salyut 6.
- 1980 - Death of Keith Godchaux in a car accident in Marin County, California, USA; former keyboards player with the Grateful Dead.
- 1981 - Birth of Steve Jocz; Canadian drummer (Sum 41).
- 1982 - The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1985-1986.
- 1982 - Death of Vic Morrow at age 53 when a helicopter crashes on him (and two child actors) during filming of Twilight Zone: The Movie; actor (Combat TV show).
- 1983 - Out of fuel, Air Canada Flight 143 with 61 passengers glides in to land in Gimli, Manitoba. Incorrect conversions of fuel was the cause.
- 1983 - The Black July, a communal riot occurs in Sri Lanka. These anti Sri Lankan Tamil riots leaves over 1,000 Tamils massacred and millions of dollars worth of their property destroyed. This pogrom is the beginning of a deadly civil war.
- 1983 - Heavy rain and massive mudslide occur at western Shimane prefecture, Japan, 117 killed.
- 1984 - Vanessa Lynn Williams becomes the first Miss America to resign when she surrenders her crown, after nude photos of her appear in Penthouse magazine.
- 1985 - Commodore International introduces the Amiga 1000 computer. It features a Motorola 68000 processor, custom color graphics and stereo sound processors, a multitasking, windowing operating system, 256 kB RAM, and 880 kB 3.5-inch disk drive. Price is US$1300.
- 1986 - In London, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey.
- 1987 - Petra Felke (German Democratic Republic) throws javelin 78.89 metres (women's record).
- 1987 - Said Aouita of Morocco runs world record 5,000 metres (12:58.39).
- 1988 - Saskatchewan Roughriders' Dave Ridgway kicks record eight field goals versus Edmonton Eskimos.
- 1989 - FOX-TV tops ABC, NBC and CBS in show ratings for first time (America's Most Wanted).
- 1989 - Winds gust to 85 MPH at Fort Smith, Arkansas.
- 1993 - Candelária massacre: Brazilian police officers kill eight street kids in Rio de Janeiro.
- 1995 - David Daliberti and William Barloon, two Americans held as spies by Iraq, are released by Saddam Hussein.
- 1997 - Digital Equipment Corporation files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
- 1999 - Space shuttle Columbia blasts off, carrying 12 Proof 2000-W Sacagawea half-ounce 0.9167 fine gold dollar pieces into space.
- 1999 - ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan.
- 1999 - Mohammed VI of Morocco becomes king upon the death of his father Hassan II.
- 1999 - The Woodstock 99 festival is held in New York.
- 2000 - Cincinnati Reds' shortstop Barry Larkin agrees to a three-year, US$27 million contract extension.
- 2002 - Vittorio Innocente cycles a record depth underwater, 52.5m down on the ocean floor off Genoa, Italy.
- 2002 - Death of Leo McKern at age 82 after a long illness; actor (Rumpole of the Bailey TV show).
- 2003 - Operation Warrior Sweep is the first major military deployment of the Afghan National Army.
- 2005 - A series of blasts hits a resort town in Egypt.
- 2006 - Phonak team rider, American cyclist Floyd Landis wins the Tour de France; however, tour officials soon announce that he has failed a doping test.
- 2007 - The US dollar drops to US$2.06 against the British pound sterling, the lowest since 1981.
- 2007 - Death of Benjamin Libet, American pioneering scientist in the field of human consciousness (born 1916).
- 2008 - An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 hits Japan's northern island of Honshu, causing damage to buildings and leaving thousands without power.
- 2008 - In Nepal an election is held for the Constituent Assembly. 220 of 601 seats are won by the Communist Party of Nepal. The President is Ram Baran Yadav of the Nepali Congress party.
- 2008 - Cape Verde joins the World Trade Organization as its 153rd member.
- 2009 - Fox airs the 100th episode of So You Think You Can Dance TV show.
- 2011 - Death of Nguyen Cao Ky, 8th Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam (born 1930).
- 2016 - In Kabul, Afghanistan, bombs kill 81 people, mainly Shia Muslims.
- 2017 - Death of John Kundla, American basketball coach (born 1916).
- 2017 - Death of Waldir Peres, Brazilian footballer (born 1951).
- 2017 - Death of Mervyn Rose, Australian tennis player (born 1930).
- 2017 - Death of Snooty at age 69 in the South Florida Museum; world's oldest manatee in captivity.
- 2020 - From the Wenchang Space Launch Centre on Hainan Island, People's Republic of China, the Tianwen-1 Mars mission is launched, consisting of orbiter, lander, and rover.
- 2021 - The Court of Appeal of Samoa deems the swearing-in of Fiame Naomi Mata?afa and her government as constitutional, ending a three-month constitutional crisis.
- 2021 - (to August 8) The 2020 Summer Olympics are held in Tokyo, Japan. They were originally scheduled for July 24 to August 9, 2020, but were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- 2022 - The World Health Organization declares Monkeypox a global health emergency. At the time of the declaration, there are 16,000 cases in 75 countries.
- 2022 - Death of Bob Rafelson at age 89 of lung cancer at home in Aspen, Colorado, USA; creator of The Monkees music group, director (Five Easy Pieces movie).
- 2023 - General election in Spain: PP (conservatives) 136 seats, PSOE (socialist) 122, Vox 33, Sumar coalition 31, others 1-7 seats each.
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