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What happened in history on this day: July 20?
Since 1995, I have been collecting information on a variety of topics,
creating several timelines of history.
Here you will find specific events from those databases
for this day, on the topics of personal computers, video games, the Walt Disney Company,
Chevrolet Corvettes, A&W Root Beer, Sweden, and Canadian coins.
On July 20 in ...
- 1999 - Be company first sells shares to the public, at $6 per share.
- 1999 - In New York City, New York, the MacWorld Expo trade show is held, over four days.
- 2001 - Microsoft makes the source code for Windows CE 3.0 available to developers under a Shared Source License, allowing developers to view and modify the source code, but not release it commercially.
- 2004 - Intel introduces the 1.1 GHz Pentium M Ultra Low Voltage 733 processor. Price is US$262 in 1000-unit quantities.
- 2004 - Intel introduces the 1 GHz Pentium M Ultra Low Voltage 723 processor. Price is US$241 in 1000-unit quantities.
- 2004 - Intel introduces the 1.4 GHz Pentium M Low Voltage 738 processor. Price is US$284 in 1000-unit quantities.
- 2004 - Intel introduces the 900 MHz Celeron M Ultra Low Voltage 353 processor. Price is US$161 in 1000-unit quantities.
- 1931 - Disney completes the Silly Symphony film The Cat's Out.
- 1951 - The Donald Duck film Lucky Number is released. Huey, Dewey, and Louie also appear.
- 1969 - Disney broadcasts the televised moon landing of Apollo 11 in Tomorrowland at Disneyland.
- 1982 - Disney premieres the ice show Disney's Great Ice Odyssey.
- 1984 - Stanley Gold meets with Ron Miller to discuss Roy Disney returning to work for the studio. Miller says he can see no place for him in the company at the time.
- 1985 - Walt Disney World welcomes its 200-millionth guest, Virgil Waytes, Jr.
- 1987 - Stromboli's Wagon shop opens in Tokyo Disneyland.
- 1989 - The Country Bear Bandwagon shop opens in Tokyo Disneyland.
- 1994 - The last show of the TV series Dinosaurs airs.
- 1995 - The Walt Disney Company signs a 49-year lease with the 42nd Street Redevelopment Project to manage and operate the New Amsterdam Theatre in New York City.
- 1998 - The live-action feature film The Parent Trap premieres in Los Angeles.
- 2001 - Buena Vista releases the Touchstone Pictures film Crazy/Beautiful to theaters in the USA.
- 1992 - At the Laguna Seca Raceway in Laguna Seca, California, the 5th round of the IMSA Bridgestone Potenza Supercar series is held.
- Finishing 5th is the Quaker State / Boy's Town Corvette LT1, driven by Shawn Hendricks.
- Finishing 12th is the Corvette L98, driven by Sean Roe.
- 2002 - In Washington, D.C., the Capital Trans-Am 100 race is held, round 6 of the Trans-Am Series for the BFGoodrich Tires Cup.
- Finishing 1st is the Tommy Bahama #88 Corvette, driven by Butch Leitzinger.
- Finishing 4th is the Trenton Forging #02 Corvette, driven by Stuart Hayner.
- Finishing 7th is the Preformed Line Products #49 Corvette, driven by Randy Ruhlman.
- Finishing 10th is the Comer Racing #48 Corvette, driven by Jack Willes.
- Finishing 13th is the Derhaag Motorsports #59 Corvette, driven by Simon Gregg.
- In 14th place, but not finishing the race, is the Unitech Racing #9 Corvette, driven by Mike Cronin, jr.
- In 17th place, but not finishing the race, is the XtremeLens #40 Corvette, driven by Justin Bell.
- In 18th place, but not finishing the race, is the Cenweld Corp./McNichols Co. #23 Corvette, driven by Bob Ruman.
- In 21st place, but not finishing the race, is the LG Motorsports #25 Corvette, driven by Lou Gigliotti.
- 2002 - At the RFK Street Circuit in Washington, D.C., the National Grand Prix Washington, D.C. race is held, Round 6 of the Speed World Challenge GT Series.
- Finishing 14th is the #11 Corvette, driven by Craig Gelston.
- In 17th place, but not finishing the race, is the #73 Corvette Z06, driven by Phil McClure.
- In 19th place, but not finishing the race, is the #35 Corvette Z06, driven by David Farmer.
- 2008 - At the Barber Motorsports Park the Porsche 250 presented by Bradley Arant race is held, round 10 of the Grand-American Road Racing Championship.
- Finishing 8th in GT class and 21st overall is Nonnamaker/Nonnamaker in the #43 Team Sahlen Corvette.
- Finishing 9th in GT class and 22nd overall is Sahlen/Nonnamaker in the #42 Team Sahlen Corvette.
- 2019 - At the Lime Rock Park in Lime Rock, Connecticut, USA, the Northeast Grand Prix race is held, round 8 of the IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship series.
- Finishing 5th in GT Le Mans class and 5th overall is the Corvette Racing #3 Corvette C7.R driven by Jan Magnussen and Antonio Garcia.
- Finishing 6th in GT Le Mans class and 6th overall is the Corvette Racing #4 Corvette C7.R driven by Oliver Gavin and Marcel Fassler.
- 1943 - (evening) The 1st Infantry brigade of the 1st Canadian Division climbs the sheer south east face to the ruins of a 12th century fortress overlooking Assoro, Sicily.
- 1944 - A joint Canadian-American scientific report on potential use of chemical-warfare in taking Japanese-held islands refuses to recommend the use of gas over conventional high explosives.
- 1944 - In France, Bernard Montgomery calls a halt to Operation Goodwood, with the loss of 4,000 men and 500 tanks.
- 1944 - In Germany, Count Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg is arrested. He was vice-president of Berlin Police, and participant in coup attempts since 1938.
- 1944 - (1000 hours) German Colonel Count Claus von Stauffenberg, Major General Helmuth Stieff and his aide Major Röll, and Navy Lieutenant Bernd von Haeften arrive at Rastenburg for a meeting with Adolf Hitler. Stauffenberg and Haeften carry identical bomb briefcases intended to assassinate Hitler.
- 1944 - (about 1230 hours) In Rastenburg, East Prussia, in Adolf Hitler's war headquarters, Claus von Stauffenberg sets the ten-minute detonator fuse of a two-pound home-made bomb briefcase designed to assassinate Adolf Hitler and many of his senior staff. Stauffenberg and Haefton are unable to combine their two briefcase bombs into one due to someone urging them to hurry to the meeting.
- 1944 - (about 1240 hours) In Rastenburg, East Prussia, Claus von Stauffenberg and Field-Marshal Wilhelm Keitel enter the Gästebaracke conference room, where Adolf Hitler is being briefed on the situation on the Eastern Front. The conference room is made of wood with large open windows, 18 x 40 feet with a massive oak table and thick oak supports. Stauffenberg allows Major Ernst John von Freyend of OKW General Staff to put his briefcase bomb in the conference room as close to Hitler as possible. Stauffenberg tells Keitel he had to make an urgent phone call to Berlin. Colonel Brandt moves the briefcase from the inside of a table support to the other side, away from Hitler.
- 1944 - (1242 hours) In Rastenburg, East Prussia, a bomb explodes in the Gästebaracke of Adolf Hitler's war headquarters. Hitler receives only minor injuries. Hitler's double, Heinrich Berger, dies a few hours later. Three others die later of injuries: Hitler's stenographer General Schmundt, Chief of Staff of the Luftwaffe General Korten, and Colonel Brandt, aide to General Heusinger.
- 1944 - As Adolf Hitler's meeting room explodes, Claus von Stauffenberg and Wernere von Haeften escape by car. They pass the first checkpoint, but are held at the second checkpoint until the guard calls the Camp Commandant, receiving authorization to allow them to pass. Haeften throws away the second bomb briefcase, which is later found by the side of the road.
- 1944 - (about 1315 hours) In Rastenburg, Claus von Stauffenberg and Wernere von Haeften board a waiting Heinkel H-111 dive bomber to fly to Berlin.
- 1944 - (1500 hours) As part of Operation Atlantic, Canadian forces advance south of Caen toward Verrières Ridge.
- 1944 - (about 1500 hours) In Berlin, Lieutenant General Thiele calls the Wolf's Lair, learning of the explosion, but not specifically if Hitler is alive or dead. He reports this to General Friedrich Olbricht and Ludwig Beck. They assume either Hitler is dead, or the plot would soon be discovered, so they should proceed with the coup.
- 1944 - (about 1600 hours) In Berlin, General Friedrich Olbricht informs General Erich Fromm that Adolf Hitler has been killed. Fromm calls Field-Marshal Wilhelm Keitel for confirmation, who tells him the attempt was a failure. Fromm orders that the military coup is not to be put into effect.
- 1944 - (about 1600 hours) In Berlin, Commandant Colonel-General Paul von Hase receives instructions to put Operation Valkyrie into effect.
- 1944 - (about 1600 hours) German Colonel Eberhard Finckh, Deputy Chief of Staff for German Army West in Paris receives code words indicating Adolf Hitler had been successfully assassinated.
- 1944 - (1630 hours) At the Wolf's Lair, Adolf Hitler lifts the communications blackout imposed following the failed assassination attempt. They learn from message traffic that a military coup is underway. Heinrich Himmler calls the Gestapo headquarters to have them find out who is involved.
- 1944 - (about 1630 hours) In General Erich Fromm's office in Berlin, Fromm is overpowered by General Friedrich Olbricht and Mertz von Quirnheim, and placed under guard.
- 1944 - (about 1730 hours) At the German command headquarters in Paris, von Witzleben (as Commander-in-chief of the Wehrmacht) gives orders to eliminate the SS and SD.
- 1944 - (about 1800 hours) Berlin Radio reports Adolf Hitler is alive.
- 1944 - (about 1900 hours) In Germany, Major Otto Ernst Remer (commander of the Grossdeutschland Battalion in Berlin) speaks with Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels and Adolf Hitler over the phone. Hitler places Remer under the orders of Reichminister Heinrich Himmler, and orders him to suppress all resistance in Berlin, and arrest anyone involved in the coup.
- 1944 - (about 1930 hours) In France, Field-Marshal Gunther von Kluge tells Paris Military Governor that he will not go along with Operation Valkyrie, and he will remain loyal to Adolf Hitler.
- 1944 - In Berlin, Joseph Goebbels summons Lieutenant General Paul von Hase, and has him arrested. Von Hase had ordered the Berlin garrison to surround buildings during the coup attempt.
- 1944 - In Berlin, Captain Ulrich Wilhelm Schwerin von Schwanenfeld, adjutant to Witzleben, is arrested. He was an active member of coup plans, and was to serve in the post-Nazi cabinet.
- 1944 - At the Bendlerstrasse in Berlin, Peter Yorck von Wartenburg is arrested.
- 1944 - Major General Helmuth Stieff is arrested. He had obtained and stored explosives for the bomb to kill Hitler.
- 1944 - Adolf Hitler dismisses Army Chief of Staff Kurt Zeitzler, replacing him with General Heinz Guderian.
- 1944 - (after 2230 hours) General Erich Fromm is released. Coup leaders are overpowered; Klaus von Stauffenberg is shot in the shoulder. Ludwig Beck is allowed to shoot himself. He takes two shots, but remains alive; another shoots and kills him.
- 1944 - (about 2230-2330 hours) In France, General von Boineburg orders his 1st Motorized Rifle Regiment to arrest or overtake SS and SD personnel in Paris. Similar arrests of Gestapo officers take place in Vienna, Prague, Bohemia, Moravia, etc.
- 1944 - (evening) 166 British bombers attack oil plants at Bottrop, Germany. Great damage is inflicted. Eight planes are shot down.
- 1944 - (evening) 147 British bombers attack oil plants at Homberg, Germany. Great damage is inflicted. Twenty planes are shot down.
- 1990 - Poland issues a postage stamp marking the 50th anniversary of the Katyn Forest Massacre.
- 1994 - The Federal Republic of Germany issues a postage stamp marking the 50th anniversary of the attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
- 1995 - Togo issues postage stamps marking the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II.
- 1995 - Antigua & Barbuda issues 16 postage stamps marking the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II.
- 1995 - Nevis issues sixteen postage stamps marking the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II.
- 1992 - Judge Stephen Reinhardt of the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, rules with a different interpretation of the Fair Use Doctrine in the case of Sega vs. Accolade.
- 2004 - Sega releases the ESPN NFL 2K5 video game for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox in the US and Canada.
- 2005 - The Entertainment Software Rating Board re-rates the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas from Mature to Adults Only.
- 2005 - Shipments to date of the PlayStation 2 video game system worldwide: 91.62 million.
- 2011 - Warner Bros. Interactive releases the Bastion video game for the Xbox 360 in the US.
- 1525 - After several days siege by the King and failed assaults with hundreds of deaths, the garrison (about 60-70 men) of Kalmar Castle surrenders to King Gustav Vasa. The King court-martials all, finding them all guilty of treason. All but two are decapitated.
- 2003 - The Fox Broadcasting Company airs the Futurama TV show in the US. At a year 3004 Olympics event, three spectators hold a "GO SWEDEN" banner. One of the regular characters, opposed to multi-culturalism, says "Sweden? I don't think so!" and tears up the banner.
- 1966 - The Finance Minister announces that the Royal Canadian Mint will produce a silver medallion presentation set in 1967, with a sterling silver Centennial medallion plus six subsidiary coins.
- 1996 - In Montreal, a tractor trailor container is stolen from a CN rail yard, containing $3 million worth of $2 coins.
- 1793 - US Mint Chief Coiner Henry Voigt delivers the first 7000 struck half cents to the Mint treasurer.
- 1910 - The Denver Mint begins striking 1910-dated quarter dollars.
- 1962 - US President John Kennedy prohibits the importation of any rare gold coins except under license issued by the Office of Domestic Gold and Silver Operations.
- 1981 - The missing Willis DuPont 1804 Draped Bust dollar re-appears at ANACS for certification.
- 2011 - A 10-member federal jury in Philadelphia District Court unanimously decides that ten 1933 Saint-Gaudens gold double eagles found by Joan Switt Langbord in 2003 are the property of the US government.
- 1859 - At a racetrack on Long Island, about 1,500 fans become the first ever to pay to see a baseball game. The spectators spend fifty cents to watch New York defeat Brooklyn, 22-18.
- 1876 - First US intercollegiate track meet is held, in Saratoga, New York; Princeton wins.
- 1906 - Brooklyn Dodgers' Mal Eason no-hits Saint Louis Cardinals, 2-0.
- 1912 - Philadelphia Phillies' Sherry Magee steals home twice in one game.
- 1923 - New York Yankees hit into a triple-play but beat Philadelphia Athletics 9-2.
- 1938 - Finland is awarded 1940 Olympic games after Japan withdraws.
- 1941 - New York Yankees beat Detroit Tigers 12-6 in 17 innings.
- 1954 - Tennis champ Maureen Connolly's right leg is crushed in an accident.
- 1956 - New York Yankees' pitcher Whitey Ford ties American League record of six straight strike-outs.
- 1970 - Los Angeles Angels' Bill Singer no-hits Philadelphia Phillies, 5-0.
- 1976 - Hank Aaron hits his last big league homer, his 755th and establishes the all-time major league record for career home runs.
- 1984 - Uwe Hohn of German Democratic Republic throws javelin a record 104.8 metres.
- 1987 - New York Yankees' Don Mattingly ties first base majors fielding record (Hal Chase, 1906) with 22 put-outs.
- 2006 - At Coney Island, New York, a New York-Penn League game between the Oneonta Tigers and the Brooklyn Cyclones, the Tigers win by 6-1 after 26 innings, lasting 6 hours 40 minutes. This is the third longest game by innings in professional baseball history.
- 2010 - The New Jersey Devils and Russian left-winger Ilya Kovalchuk officially agree to a landmark 17-year, US$102-million contract, but the NHL rejects the deal a few hours later, saying it circumvents the $6 million per year salary cap by paying more in early years and less in later years.
- 2019 - At the Lime Rock Park in Lime Rock, Connecticut, USA, the Northeast Grand Prix race is held, round 8 of the IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship series.
- Finishing 1st in GT Le Mans class and 1st overall is the Ford Chip Ganassi Racing #67 Ford GT driven by Richard Westbrook and Ryan Briscoe.
- Finishing 1st in GT Daytona class and 9th overall is the PFAFF Motorsports #9 Porsche 911 GT3 R driven by Dennis Olsen and Zacharie Robichon.
- 1969 - Lunar module Eagle, manned by Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin separates from the command module of Apollo 11, and lands on the Moon 2.5 hours later. Armstrong radios Mission Control in Houston, Texas, "The Eagle has landed."
- 1969 - At 10:56 p.m. EDT, American astronaut Neil Armstrong, 240,000 miles from Earth, speaks these words to more than a billion people listening at home: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Stepping off the lunar landing module Eagle, Armstrong became the first human to walk on the surface of the moon. Edwin Aldrin joins him 11:11 p.m., and the two take photographs, plant a U.S. flag, run scientific tests, and leave a plaque that reads: "Here men from the planet Earth first set foot on the moon - July 1969 A.D. - We came in peace for all mankind."
- 1976 - US Viking 1 lands on Mars at Chryse Planitia, first Martian landing.
- 1999 - Liberty Bell 7, part of the US Mercury program, is raised from the Atlantic Ocean.
- 2020 - From the spaceport on Tanegashima, Kyushu, Japan, the United Arab Emirates' Al Amal Mars orbiter is launched.
- 1977 - Flash flood hits Johnstown, Pennsylvania, kills 80 and causing US$350 million damage.
- 1859 - At a racetrack on Long Island, about 1,500 fans become the first ever to pay to see a baseball game. The spectators spend fifty cents to watch New York defeat Brooklyn, 22-18.
- 1864 - Battle of Peachtree Creek - Atlanta Campaign.
- 1868 - First use of tax stamps on cigarettes.
- 1872 - The US Patent Office awards the first patent for wireless telegraphy to Mahlon Loomis.
- 1881 - Sioux Indian leader Sitting Bull surrenders to federal troops.
- 1894 - 2000 federal troops recalled from Chicago, having ended Pullman strike.
- 1903 - Ford Motor Company ships its first car.
- 1917 - Draft lottery held in US for war duty; number 258 is first drawn.
- 1921 - Air mail service begins between New York City and San Francisco.
- 1930 - 106 degrees F (41 degrees C), Washington, DC (district record high).
- 1934 - 118 degrees F (48 degrees C), Keokuk, Iowa (state record).
- 1942 - US Congress authorizes Legion of Merit medal.
- 1942 - Women's Army Auxiliary Corps begins basic training at Fort Des Moines, Iowa.
- 1944 - US President Franklin Roosevelt is nominated for an unprecedented fourth term at Democratic convention.
- 1960 - First submerged submarine to fire Polaris missile (George Washington).
- 1962 - US President John Kennedy prohibits the importation of any rare gold coins except under license issued by the Office of Domestic Gold and Silver Operations.
- 1965 - 46.18 cm (18.18 inches) of rainfall, Edgarton, Missouri (state 24-hour record).
- 1967 - Race riots in Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
- 1969 - Lunar module Eagle, manned by Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin separates from the command module of Apollo 11, and lands on the Moon 2.5 hours later. Armstrong radios Mission Control in Houston, Texas, "The Eagle has landed."
- 1969 - At 10:56 p.m. EDT, American astronaut Neil Armstrong, 240,000 miles from Earth, speaks these words to more than a billion people listening at home: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Stepping off the lunar landing module Eagle, Armstrong became the first human to walk on the surface of the moon. Edwin Aldrin joins him 11:11 p.m., and the two take photographs, plant a U.S. flag, run scientific tests, and leave a plaque that reads: "Here men from the planet Earth first set foot on the moon - July 1969 A.D. - We came in peace for all mankind."
- 1969 - Astronauts on the Moon hand-cancel a "moon letter" bearing a die proof of a stamp for later release, with a die cancel "Moon Landing USA JUL 20 1969".
- 1976 - US Viking 1 lands on Mars at Chryse Planitia, first Martian landing.
- 1977 - Flash flood hits Johnstown, Pennsylvania, kills 80 and causing US$350 million damage.
- 1985 - Walt Disney World welcomes its 200-millionth guest, Virgil Waytes, Junior.
- 1988 - The Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, Georgia nominates Michael Dukakis for U.S. President and Lloyd Bentsen for Vice President.
- 1990 - Justice William Brennan resigns from the US Supreme Court after 36 years.
- 1993 - Vincent Foster, White House Counsel is found in park dead of gunshot, called suicide.
- 1999 - Liberty Bell 7, part of the US Mercury program, is raised from the Atlantic Ocean.
- 1999 - Apple Computer introduces the iBook portable computer. It features 12.1-inch TFT display, 300 MHz G3 processor, 4 MB ATI Rage Mobility graphics chip, CD-ROM drive, 32 MB RAM, modem, USB and 10/100Base-T Ethernet ports, 3 GB hard drive, keyboard, Mac OS 8.6, V.90 modem, AppleWorks software, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Communicator, and comes in a translucent cover in tangerine or blueberry colors. Battery power lasts about six hours. Price is US$1599; weight is 6.6 pounds; size is 2 x 13.5 x 11.6 inches.
- 2015 - Cuba and the United States reestablish full diplomatic relations, ending a 54-year stretch of hostility between the nations.
Other history:
- 1810 - Colombia declared independence from Spain.
- 1871 - British Columbia becomes sixth Canadian province.
- 1949 - Israel's 19 month war of independence ends.
- 1976 - US Viking 1 lands on Mars at Chryse Planitia, first Martian landing.
- 1996 - 26th Olympic Summer games opens in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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