- January 11
- Johannes Cochlaeus [Dobeneck], German humanist/theologist, dies. [1]
- January 22
- Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, beheaded in London, England for treason. [1] [858.65]
- April 14
- Laurentius Andreae [Lars Andersson] Swedish church reformer, dies. [1]
- April 18
- John Leland antiquary, dies. [1]
- April 21
- Peter Apianus [Bennewitz/Bienewitz] German astronomer, dies at age 50. [1]
- May 23
- Death of Sebastian Münster in Basel, Switzerland; professor of Hebrew at the University of Basel, wrote Cosmography (1544). [37]
1553
- February 4
- Caspar Othmayr composer, dies at age 37. [1]
- February 19
- Erasmus Reinhold German mathematician, dies at age 41. [1]
- April 9
- François Rabelais French author (Gargantua/Pantagruel), dies at age 49. [1]
- May 5
- Erasmus Alberus German theologist (Barfüsser Mönche), dies at about age 52. [1]
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- July 6
- King Edward VI dies, weakened by measles and tuberculosis. By his will, Lady Jane Grey and her heirs are made successors to the crown of England. [857.42] [1433.52]
- July 9
- Death of Maurice, Elector of Saxony, in Sievershausen, Germany. [37]
- August 23
- Death of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, England, beheaded for high treason. [857.43]
- October 27
- Michael Servetus, Spanish physician, burns at stake in Geneva, Switzerland for heresy and blasphemy for his speculations on the nature of the Trinity. [1] [37]
1554
- February 9
- Lady Jane Grey, deposed Queen of England, beheaded after 9 day rule at age 17. [1] [857.44]
- February 12
- Lord Guildford Dudley, Jane Grey's husband, beheaded in public. Lady Jane Grey is executed by beheading in private in the Tower of London. [1] [1433.53]
- February 21
- Hieronymus Bock German doctor (founder of modern botany), dies. [1]
- February 23
- Henry Grey Duke of Suffolk, Lady Jane Grey's father, executed. [1]
- March 3
- Johan Frederik de Greatmoedige ruler of Saxon (1532-47), dies at age 50. [1]
1555
- February 4
- Religious scholar John Rogers, Protestant heretic, is first burned at stake in Queen Mary's reign, at Smithfield. [696.44]
- February 9
- John Hooper, deprived Bishop of Gloucester, burnt for heresy. [1]
- March 23
- Julius III [Giovanni M del Monte], Pope (1550-55), dies at age 67. [1]
- April 12
- Johanna de Wanzinnige Queen of Castilie (1504-20), dies at age 75. [1]
- May 1
- Marcellus II [Marcello Cervini] Italian Pope (1555), dies at age 53. [1]
- May 25
- Gemma Frisius Frisian geographer/astronomer, dies at age 46. [1]
- November 21
- Death of Georgius Agricola AKA Georg Bauer in Chemnitz, Germany. Agricola was a humanist, physician and scientist who is often called "the father of mineralogy". He was one of the first to base his science on the observation of nature rather than speculation. Among his works are De re metallica, De natura fossilium, De natura eorum quae effluunt ex terra, aDe ortu et causis subterraneorum. [1] [37]
1556
- March 19
- Lieven van der Maude [Ammonius], South Netherlands poet, dies at age 70. [1]
- March 21
- Thomas Cranmer archbishop of Canterbury, burned at stake at age 66. [1]
- April 18
- Luigi Alamanni Italian poet (Flora, Antigone), dies at age 61. [1]
- July 31
- Saint Ignatius of Loyola founder of Society of Jesus, dies in Rome. [1]
1557
- January 1
- Death of Jacques Cartier at age 65; French explorer (Canada). [1]
- April 9
- Michael Agricola Finnish theologist/church reformer/bishop, dies. [1]
- September 1
- Jacques Cartier French explorer, dies (birth date unknown). [1]
- December 13
- Niccoló Tartaglia Italian mathematician, dies. [1]
1558
- February 3
- Alfonsus de Castro Spanish theologist (council of Trente), dies. [1]
- March 13
- Jean Fernel French physician/physiologist, dies. [1]
- March 24
- Anna van Buren countess of Egmond/Buren/Lingen, dies. [1]
- April 26
- Jean François Fernel French physician, dies. [1]
- November 12
- Rabbi Shalom Shakna ben Joseph founder of first Polish Yeshiva, dies. [1]
- November 17
- Queen Mary I, the monarch of England and Ireland, dies and is succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth. [129] [419.70] [768.18]
- December 29
- Hermann Finck composer, dies at age 31. [1]
1559
- January 1
- Christian III king of Denmark/Norway (1534-59), dies. [1]
- January 29
- Sir Thomas Pope English politician, benefactor, dies at about age 52. [1]
- March 14
- Jacques d'Auchy Walloon baptist merchant, executed. [1]
1560
- January 1
- Guillaume du Bellay Sieur de Langey, French soldier, dies. [1]
- January 3
- Peder Palladus Danish church reformer (Visitasbog), dies at about age 56. [1]
- January 28
- John a Lasco [John Laski], Polish nobleman/reformed theologist, dies. [1]
- April 19
- Death of Philipp Melanchthon AKA Philipp Schwartzerd at age 63 in Wittenberg, Germany; enthusiastic supporter of Martin Luther, appointed at the University of Wittenberg as its first professor of Greek (1518), published Loci communes, involved in the founding of the universities of Königsberg, Jena, and Marburg, wrote the Augsburg Confession. [1] [37]
- December 5
- François II King of France (1559-60), dies at age 16. [1]
1561
- January 31
- Menno Simonsz Dutch priest/vicar (Foundation Book), dies. [1]
- March 5
- Carlo Caraffa Italian cardinal, dies at age 41. [1]
1562
- December 6
- Jan van Scorel Dutch painter/architect, dies. [1]
1563
- February 2
- Hans Neusiedler Hungarian/German luitist/author, dies at approximately 54. [1]
- February 24
- François Guise French General/duke, assassinated at age 44. [1]
1564
- February 18
- Michelangelo Buonarroti Italian sculptor/painter/architect/poet (David), dies at age 88. [1]
- May 27
- Jean Caulvin [John Calvin] priest/church reformer, dies at age 54. [1]
- July 25
- Death of Ferdinand I in Vienna, Austria; Holy Roman Emperor, and the king of Bohemia and Hungary. [37]
1565
- January 27
- Robrecht de Berghes prince-bishop of Liege (1557-64), dies. [1]
- March 17
- Alexander Alesius [Aless/Alane], theologist/physician, dies at age 64. [1]
- May 14
- Nicolaus von Amsdorf German reform theologist, dies. [1]
- October 22
- Jean Grolier de Serviéres French bibliophile, dies. [1]
- December 9
- Pius IV [Gianangelo de' Medici] Italian Pope (1559-65), dies at age 66. [1]
- December 13
- Konrad von Gesner naturalist, dies at age 49. [1]
- December 18
- Benedetto Varchi Italian humanist/historian (L'Ercolano), dies at age 62. [1]
1566
- January 7
- Ludovicus Blosius [Louis de Blois "Dacrianus"], wrtier, dies. [1]
- March 9
- David Riccio Italian singer/secretary of Mary Stuart, murdered. [1]
- March 26
- Antonio de Cabezon composer, dies. [1]
- March 28
- Siegmund Freiherr von Herberstein Austrian diplomat, dies at age 79. [1]
- April 25
- Diane de Poitiers lover of French King Henry II, dies. [1]
- May 10
- Leonhard Fuchs German botanist, dies at age 65. [1]
- July 2
- Nostradamus, French astrologer/physician/prophet, dies in Salon. [1] [5]
- September 22
- Death of Johann Agricola AKA Johann Schneider in Berlin; strong proponent of the concept that Christian grace replaces the Ten Commandments, which would no longer, then, have force. [37]
1567
- January 8
- Jacob Vaet Flemish composer/royal chaplain master, dies at about age 37. [1]
- February 10
- Henry Stuart earl of Darnley/Consort of Mary Queen of Scots, murdered. [1]
- March 31
- Death of Philip, Landgraf of Hesse, at age 62 in Kassel, Germany; leader of Protestant princes against Emperor Karl V. [1] [37]
- May 2
- Marin Drzic Croatian playwright (Dundo Maroje), dies. [1]
- May 31
- Péreguin de la Grange French minister/martyr of Reform, dies. [1]
1568
- February 15
- Hendrik van Brederode Dutch noble (Compromise of Nobles), dies at age 36. [1]
- February 19
- Miles Coverdale translator (first complete English Bible), dies at age 80. [1]
- March 20
- Death of Albrecht von Hohenzollern, first duke of Prussia, at age 77 in Tapiau, East Prussia; last grand master of the Teutonic Knights, founded the University of Königsberg in 1544. [1] [37]
- May 23
- Adolf van Nassau German son of Willem the Rich, dies in battle at age 27. [1]
1569
- January 20
- Miles Coverdale English bible translator Great bible, dies at age 80. [1]
- February 20
- Mark van Vaernewijck Flemish nobleman/politician, dies at age 50. [1]
- March 13
- Louis Condé French prince/co-leader of Hugenot, dies in battle. [1]
- May 27
- François de Coligny French general (Jarnac), dies. [1]
- December 23
- Saint Philip of Moscow martyred by Ivan the Terrible. [1]
1570
- January 3
- Bartholomeus Latomus [Steinmetz], Flemish archbishop of Trier, dies. [1]
- January 23
- Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland, assassinated; civil war breaks out. [1]
- March 12
- Jacob van den Eynden Grand Pensionary of Holland, dies. [1]
1571
- January 3
- Death of Joachim II Hektor at age 65; Elector of Brandenburg. [1] [37]
- February 14
- Benvenuto Cellini Italian sculptor/metalsmith/author (Perseus), dies at age 70. [1]
- Odet de Coligny Cardinal of Châtillon/count of Beauvais, dies at age 53. [1]
1572
- February 28
- Death of Gilg Tschudi, Swiss historian (Chronicon Helveticum), in Glarus, Switzerland. [37]
- May 1
- Pius V [Antonio Ghislieri] great-inquisiteur/Pope (1566-72), dies. [1]
- November 24
- John Knox Scottish preacher, dies. [1]
- December 10
- Cornelis Musius Dutch humanist/poet, murdered at age 72. [1]
- December 30
- Galeazzo Alessi Italian architect (Palazza Marino, Milan), dies at age 60. [1]
1573
- February 28
- Jan "Hans" Liefrinck Flemish engraver/publisher, dies at about age 54. [1]
- March 13
- Michel de l'Hôpital chancellor of France (1560-68), dies at about age 65. [1]
- March 14
- Claude II of Lotharingen, duke of Aumale/murdered Admiral Coligny, dies. [1]
- November 7
- Solomon Luria (Maharshal) talmudic author (Yam Shel Shelomo), dies. [1]
- December 11
- Alardus/Eilard de Waterlant duke of Alva, hanged. [1]
1574
- March 5
- Philip of Saint-Aldegonde Flemish viceroy Holland/Zealand/Utrecht, dies. [1]
- April 14
- Christoffel Palts German General strategist, dies in battle. [1]
- Hendrik count of Nassau-Dillenburg, dies in battle. [1]
- Louis earl of Nassau-Dillenburg, dies in battle at age 35. [1]
- April 17
- Death of Joachim Camerarius in Germany; classical scholar, professor of classics at Tübingen, reorganized the University of Leipzig. [37]
- April 21
- Cosimo de Medici Italian duke of Toscane, dies at about age 54. [1]
- May 30
- Charles IX King of France (1560-74), dies. [1]
- December 13
- Selîm II Sari the blonde, sultan of Turkey (1566-74), dies at age 50. [1]
- December 26
- Charles Guise archbishop/cardinal of Reims, dies at age 50. [1]
1575
- May 17
- Matthew Parker archbishop of Canterbury (1559-75), dies at age 68. [1]
1576
- January 19
- Death of Hans Sachs at age 81 in Nürnberg, Germany; wrote over 4,000 songs and plays (Die Wittembergisch Nachtigall Der farent Schüler im Paradeis). [1] [37]
- March 5
- Don Luís de Requesens y Zuñiga viceroy of Netherlands (1573-76), dies at age 70. [1]
- May 27
- Louis de Boisot Dutch Admiral, drowns at about age 44. [1]
- September 24
- Girolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician (explored probability theory of gambling), dies at age 74 (born 1501). [1] [187.75]
- October 12
- Death of Maximilian II in Regensburg, Germany; Holy Roman Emperor (1546-). [37]
- October 26
- Death of Friedrich III AKA "Friedrich der Fromme" in Heidelberg, Germany; elector of the Palatine of the Rhine. [37]
- December 5
- Death of Georg Joachim Rheticus in Kassa, Hungary; astronomer and mathematician, first to accept the heliocentric theory of Copernicus, professor at the University of Wittenberg. [37]
1577
- February 26
- Erik XIV Wasa King of Sweden (1560-69), dies at age 43. [1]
- May 8
- Viglius ab Aytta Zuichemus lawyer/President (Raad van State), dies. [1]
- December 18
- Anna, duchess of Saxon/wife of prince Willem of Orange, dies at age 32. [1]
1578
- February 5
- Giovanni B Moroni Italian portrait painter, dies. [1]
- March 31
- Juan de Escobedo Secretary of Spanish land guardian Don Juan, murdered. [1]
1579
- December 21
- Juan de Juanes [Vicente Juan Maçip] Spanish ecclesiastical painter, dies at age 56. [1]
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