- May 17
- Birth of Martinus A del Rio Spanish/South Netherlands lawyer/historian/theologist. [1]
1552
- February 1
- Birth of Edward Coke England, jurist/politician (defended common law). [1]
- February 8
- Birth of Théodore-Agrippa d'Aubigné French/Swiss historian/poet (Tragiques). [1]
- February 19
- Birth of Melchior Klesl in Vienna, Austria; Protestant, converted to Roman Catholicism, Bishop of Vienna, cardinal. [37]
- February 28
- Birth of Jobst Bürgi [Justus Byrgius], Swiss/German mathematician, watchmaker, astronomer, invented logarithms. [1] [37]
- July 18
- Birth of Rudolf II in Vienna Austria; Holy Roman Emperor (1576-1612). [37]
1553
- November 23
- Birth of Prospero Alpini Italy, botanist/physician (De Medocoma Aegyptorum). [1]
- December 13
- Birth of Henry IV first Bourbon-king of Navarre/France (1572/89-1610). [1]
1554
- January 9
- Birth of Gregory XV [Alessandro Ludovisi], Roman Catholic pope (1621-23). [1]
- November 30
- Birth of Philip Sidney England, poet/statesman/soldier (Arcadia). [1]
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- December 17
- Birth of Ernst of Bayern prince/bishop of Liege/archbishop of Cologne. [1]
1555
- December 27
- Birth of Johann Arndt German Lutherian theologist. [1]
1556
- January 27
- Birth of Abbas I "the Great", shah of Persia (1587-1629). [1]
- February 7
- Birth of Maria van Nassau Dutch countess of Buren. [1]
- February 21
- Birth of Sethus Calvisius composer. [1]
- March 18
- Birth of François-Hercule de Valois French duke of Anjou/Brabant. [1]
- June 19
- Birth of James VI of Scotland (1567-1625)/James I of England (1603-25). [1]
1557
- February 24
- Birth of Matthias C Sarbiewski [Sarbievius] in Vienna; Polish Jesuit/poet/Holy Roman Emperor (1612-19). [1] [37]
- May 5
- Birth of Emmanuel-Philibert van Lalaing baron of Montigny/marquis of Renty. [1]
- May 31
- Birth of Theodorus I (Fedor Ivanovitsj) czar of Russia (1584-98). [1]
- December 7
- Birth of Girolamo Trombeti composer. [1]
1558
- May 16
- Birth of Andreas of Austria Bohemia cardinal/Governor of Netherlands (1598-1600). [1]
- July 11
- Birth of Robert Greene Elizabethan dramatist (Friar Bacon). [1]
- November 6
- Birth of Thomas Kyd English dramatist (Spanish Tragedy). [1]
1559
- February 18
- Birth of Isaac Casaubon naturalized English classical scholar, theologian. [1]
- November 11
- Birth of Albert VII in Wiener Neustadt, Austria; archbishop and cardinal of Toledo, Spain in 1577, governed Portugal from 1581-1595, ruler of the Spanish Netherlands (1595-). [37]
1560
- January 5
- Birth of William Cobbold composer. [1]
- December 12
- Birth of Maximilien de Béthune duke of Sully/baron of Rosny/Prime Minister of France. [1]
1561
- January 22
- Birth of Francis Bacon in England; statesman/essayist (Novum Organum). [1] [5]
- March 29
- Birth of Santorio Sanctorius in Trieste, Italy; physician/burned at stake/heretic. [1]
- December 9
- Birth of Edwin Sandys a founder of Virginia colony. [1]
1562
- January 12
- Birth of Charles Emanuel I the great, Duke of Savoy. [1]
- November 25
- Birth of Lope Felix de Vega Madrid Spain, dramatist/poet (Angelica, Arcadia). [1]
- December 18
- Birth of Philipp Dulichius composer. [1]
1563
- June 1
- Birth of Robert Cecil Earl of Salisbury, English chief minister (1598-1625). [1]
- December 29
- Birth of Francesco Maria Guaitoli composer. [1]
1564
- February 6
- Birth of Christopher Marlowe English poet/dramatist (Dr Faustus). [1]
- February 15
- Birth of Galileo Galilei in Pisa, Italy; astronomer/physicist. [1] [5] [129]
- March 9
- Birth of David Fabricius Essen Germany, astronomer (discovered variable star). [1]
- April 23
- Birth (estimated) of William Shakespeare in Stratford-on-Avon, England; dramatist and poet (Hamlet, MacBeth, Julius Caesar) (dies 1616). [1] [5] [129]
- October 15
- Birth of Heinrich Julius near Wolfenbüttel, Germany; playwright (Von Vincentio Ladislao, Von einem Ungeratnen Sohn, Von einer Ehebrecherin). [37]
1565
- May 15
- Birth of Henrick de Keyser architect/master builder of Amsterdam. [1]
1566
- January 14
- Birth of Angelo Notari composer. [1]
- January 30
- Birth of Alessandro Piccinini composer. [1]
- May 26
- Birth of Mohammed III sultan of Turkey (1595-1603). [1]
- December 1
- Birth of Philip earl of Nassau-Dillenburg, Governor of Fort Gorinchem/Nijmegen. [1]
- December 11
- Birth of Manuel Cardoso composer. [1]
- December 30
- Birth of Alessandro Piccinini composer. [1]
1567
- January 4
- Birth of Franciscus Aguilon physicist/mathematician/jesuit/architect. [1]
- February 12
- Birth of Thomas Campion England, composer/poet/physician. [1]
- May 15
- Birth of Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi Cremona Italy, composer (L'Orfeo). [1]
- July 3
- Birth of Samuel de Champlain explorer (Lake Champlain). [1]
- December 15
- Birth of Christoph Demantius composer. [1]
1568
- February 11
- Birth of Honoré d'Urfé French writer (L'Astrée). [1]
- March 9
- Birth of Aloysius "Luigi" van Gonzaga Italian prince/Jesuit/saint. [1]
- May 11
- Birth of Christian I ruler of Anhalt-Bernburg (Battle of White Mountain). [1]
- May 17
- Birth of Christoph Thomas Walliser composer. [1]
1569
- April 3
- Birth of Giovanni Battista Massarengo composer. [1]
- April 10
- Birth of Emilia van Nassau daughter of Willem of Orange and Anna of Saxon. [1]
- December 9
- Birth of Martinus de Porres Peru, saint (patron of social justice). [1]
- December 18
- Birth of Jakob Hassler composer. [1]
- December 30
- Birth of Georg Quitschreiber composer. [1]
1570
- March 31
- Birth of Louise Juliana countess of Nassau. [1]
1571
- January 21
- Birth of John I Pontanus physicist/historian (Amsterdam). [1]
- January 22
- Birth of Robert Bruce Cotton English antiquary, politician. [1]
- February 15
- Birth of Michael Praetorius AKA Michael Schuldheiss in Kreuzberg, Germany; composer and music theorist (Syntagma musicum). [1] [37]
- December 27
- Birth of Johannes Keppler in Weil der Stadt, Germany; mathematician, astronomer, developed the idea that the planets moved in elliptical orbits around the sun. [1] [37] [129]
1572
- February 14
- Birth of Hans Christoph Haiden composer. [1]
- June 11
- Birth of Ben Jonson England, playwright/poet (Volpone, Alchemist). [1]
1573
- January 10
- Birth of Simon Marius in Gunzenhausen, Germany; astronomer, named the four largest moons of Jupiter, first to report the spiral nebula in Andromeda, one of the first to note sunspots. [37]
- January 31
- Birth of Ambrosius Metzger composer. [1]
- Birth of Giulio Cesare Monteverdi composer. [1]
- February 22
- Birth of Gemignano Capilupi composer. [1]
- February 28
- Birth of Elias Hill German architect/city builder (Augsburg). [1]
- April 17
- Birth of Maximillian I in Munich, Germany; Duke of Bavaria, elector of the Holy Roman Empire (1623). [1] [37]
- April 26
- Birth of Marie de'Medici Queen of France. [1]
- July 15
- Birth of Inigo Jones London, architect; restored Saint Paul's cathedral. [1]
- September 28
- Birth of Caravaggio Italy, painter. [1]
- December 1
- Birth of Philippus Rovenius [Rouveen] apostile vicar. [1]
- December 21
- Birth of Mathurin Régnier French poet (Macette). [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Ernst Casimir count of Nassau-Dietz/mayor of Frisia/Groningen. [1]
1574
- January 9
- Birth of Christoph Buel composer. [1]
- January 17
- Birth of Robert Fludd composer. [1]
- January 23
- Birth of Lucas I Franchoys Belgian painter. [1]
- March 5
- Birth of William Oughtred England, mathematician/inventor (slide rule). [1]
- Birth of Friedrich IV in Amberg, Germany; elector of Rhineland-Pfalz. [37]
- March 7
- Birth of John Wilbye composer. [1]
- May 7
- Birth of Innocent X [Giambattista Pamfili] 236th Roman Catholic pope (1644-55). [1]
- December 12
- Birth of Anne van Denemarken daughter of Danish King Frederik II. [1]
- December 15
- Birth of Samuel Besler composer. [1]
1575
- February 4
- Birth of Pierre de Bérulle French cardinal. [1]
1576
- April 24
- Birth of San Vicente de Paúl. [1]
- May 17
- Birth of Ferdinand van Apshoven the Older, Flemish painter, baptized. [1]
1577
- February 8
- Birth of Robert Burton writer, Anglican clergyman (Anatomy of Melancholy). [1]
- March 26
- Birth of Elisabeth of Nassau daughter of Willem I and Charlotte of Bourbon. [1]
- May 1
- Birth of François van Kinschot Dutch treasurer. [1]
- May 28
- Birth of Floris II van Pallandt Dutch earl of Culemborg/politician. [1]
- June 28
- Birth of Peter Paul Rubens Siegen, Flemish Baroque painter (Circumcision). [1]
1578
- January 28
- Birth of Cornelis Haga Dutch lawyer/ambassador to Constantinople (1611-39). [1]
- February 9
- Birth of Giambattista Andreini Italian playwright/actor (L'adamo). [1]
- March 5
- Birth of Charles d'Albert duke of Luynes premier of France/Governor of Picardië. [1]
- March 17
- Birth of Francesco Albana Italian painter (Mary's Ascension). [1]
- March 18
- Birth of Adam Elsheimer German painter/cartoonist/etcher, baptized. [1]
- April 1
- Birth of William Harvey in England; physician (discovered blood circulation). [1]
- April 14
- Birth of Philip III king of Spain and Portugal (1598-1621). [1]
1579
- January 4
- Birth of Willem Teellinck Dutch theologist/vicar. [1]
- February 9
- Birth of John Meursius [van Meurs], Dutch historian. [1]
- April 12
- Birth of François de Bassompierre marshal of France. [1]
- December 20
- Birth of John Fletcher Elizabethan dramatist (Phylaster) (baptized). [1]
1580
- January 12
- Birth of Jean Baptiste van Helmont Belgian chemist, (found boiling point temperature). [1]
- April 18
- Birth of Thomas Middleton English playwright (Game of Chess). [1]
1581
- January 4
- Birth of Bishop James Ussher Archbishop of Armagh, calculated Earth's beginning (November 23, 4004 BC). [1]
- February 4
- Birth of Daniel Selich composer. [1]
- December 9
- Birth of Emilia Secunda Antwerpiana daughter of Willem of Orange. [1]
1582
- January 28
- Birth of John Barclay; Scottish satirist/poet (Euphormio's Satyricon, Argenis). [1]
- April 1
- Birth of Gaspar de Crayer Flemish painter. [1]
- Birth of Thomas Simpson composer. [1]
- April 8
- Birth of Phienas Fletcher poet. [1]
- May 1
- Birth of Marco da Gagliano Italian opera composer. [1]
- December 23
- Birth of Severo Bonini composer. [1]
1583
- January 8
- Birth of Simon Episcopius Dutch bishop/theologist. [1]
- February 2
- Birth of Anna Roemers Visscher Dutch poetess. [1]
- February 17
- Birth of J Henry Alting Dutch theologist. [1]
- March 3
- Birth of Edward Herbert of Cherbury English military/philosopher. [1]
- April 10
- Birth of Hugo Grotius Holland, jurist, father of international law. [1]
- September 24
- Birth of Albrecht Wallenstein in Hermanice, Bohema; commanding general of the armies of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War. [37]
- December 25
- Birth of Orlando Gibbons English composer (O Clap Your Hands), baptized. [1]
1584
- January 29
- Birth of Frederik Hendrik count of Nassau/Prince of Orange. [1]
- February 12
- Birth of Casparus Barleaus Flemish theologist/poet (Muiderkring). [1]
- April 29
- Birth of Melchior Teschner composer. [1]
- May 23
- Birth of Maximilian von Trauttmansdorff in Graz, Austria; Austrian diplomat in Habsburg imperial politics, negotiated an end to the Thirty Years' War ending with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. [37]
- December 4
- Birth of John Cotton Puritan clergyman in Massachusetts Bay colony. [1]
1585
- January 6
- Birth of Claude Favre baron de Perouges seigneur de Vaugelas French grammarian. [1]
- February 12
- Birth of Caspar Bartholin Malmö, physician, theologian, writer on anatomy. [1]
- March 5
- Birth of Johan Georg I; elector of Saxon (1611-56) (Peace of Prague). [1] [37]
- March 16
- Birth of Gerbrant A Bredero Holland, poet/playwright (Klucht van de Koe). [1]
- September 9
- Birth of Cardinal A Jean de Plessicide de Richelieu Louis XIII chief minister. [1]
- October 8
- Birth of Heinrich Schütz in Köstritz; German court composer in Dresden (Dafne, Musikalische Exequien, and Kleine geistliche Konzerte). [37]
- October 28
- Birth of Cornelius Otto Jansen France, Roman Catholic reform leader. [1]
1586
- January 20
- Birth of Johann Hermann Schein in Grünhain; composer of sacred and secular music (Fontana d'Israel), introduced Italian Baroque style into German music, cantor at the Church of Saint Thomas in Leipzig. [1] [37]
- February 8
- Birth of Jacob Praetorius composer. [1]
- April 17
- Birth of John Ford English dramatist ('Tis Pity She's a Whore). [1]
- December 29
- Birth of Francisco de Moncada Spanish earl of Osuna/marquis of Aytona. [1]
1587
- January 6
- Birth of Gaspar de Guzmán Count of Olivares, Premier of Spain (1621-43). [1]
- January 8
- Birth of Johannes Fabricius Denmark, astronomer (discovered sunspots). [1]
- January 16
- Birth of Alexander Adriaenssen Flemish painter. [1]
- April 17
- Birth of Marco Ivan Lukacic composer. [1]
- July 9
- Birth of Ferdinand II, in Graz, Austria; Holy Roman Emperor, leading proponent of the Catholic Counterreformation and defender of absolutist rule in the 30 Years' War. [37]
- August 18
- Birth of Virginia Dare, first child born to English parents in America, to Governor John White's daughter Eleanor and Ananias Dare, a member of the governor's staff. [1] [641.47]
- November 17
- Birth of Joost van den Vondel Cologne Germany, Dutch poet/dramatist (Jephtha). [1]
1588
- January 12
- Birth of John Winthrop first Governor (Massachusetts Bay Colony). [1]
- Birth of Jose Ribera [Lo Spagnoletto] Spanish painter. [1]
- February 12
- Birth of John Winthrop English attorney/puritan/first Governor of Massachusetts. [1]
- February 19
- Birth of Pieter de Carpentier Flemish Governor-General of Dutch East-Indies. [1]
- February 26
- Birth of Nicolaus Erich composer. [1]
- April 5
- Birth of Thomas Hobbes England, philosopher (Leviathan). [1]
- April 15
- Birth of Claudius Salmasius [Claude Saumaise] French linguist. [1]
- September 8
- Birth of Marin Mersenne France, mathematician/musician/philospher (Cartesian). [1]
1589
- January 8
- Birth of Ivan [Dzivo F] Gundulic Dalmatisch writer (Dubravka). [1]
- February 5
- Birth of Honorat de Brueil seigneur de Racan French playwright/poet. [1]
- February 7
- Birth of Jacob de Witt Dutch mayor (Dordrecht)/mathematician. [1]
- March 3
- Birth of Gisbertus Voetius [Gijsbert Voet], Dutch reformed theologist. [1]
- March 19
- Birth of William Bradford Governor of Plymouth colony for 30 years (baptized). [1]
1590
- April 18
- Birth of Ahmed I 14th sultan of Turkey (1603-17). [1]
1591
- May 1
- Birth of Adam Schall von Bell in Cologne; Jesuit missionary, advisor to the Chinese emperor. [37]
- May 26
- Birth of Dirck Janszoon Sweelinck composer. [1]
- August 24
- Birth of Robert Herrick England, poet (Gather ye rosebuds) (baptized). [1]
1592
- January 5
- Birth of Shah Jahan Mughal emperor of India (1628-58), built Taj Mahal. [1]
- January 14
- Birth of Sjihab al-Din Sultan Choerram Sjah Djahan leader of India. [1]
- January 22
- Birth of Pierre Gassendi Champtercier Provence, scientist/philosopher. [1]
- January 27
- Birth of Pierre de La Barre composer. [1]
- March 28
- Birth of Jan Amos Komensky [Comenius] Moravian educational reformer. [1]
- April 14
- Birth of Abraham Elsevier book publisher/publisher. [1]
- April 20
- Birth of John Eliot Saint Germans Cornwall, English Member of Parliament/author. [1]
- April 28
- Birth of George Villiers first duke of Buckingham/English Admiral. [1]
- May 8
- Birth of Francis Quarles English poet (Argalus and Parthenia, Emblems). [1]
- August 28
- Birth of George Villiers duke of Buckingham, royal minister to James I. [1]
1593
- March 19
- Birth of Georges de la Tour French painter. [1]
- April 3
- Birth of George Herbert English metaphysical poet (5 Mystical Songs). [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Thomas Wentworth London, earl of Strafford/Viceroy of Ireland. [1]
- May 20
- Birth of Jacob Jordaens Flemish barok artist. [1]
- August 9
- Birth of Izaak Walton England, biographer/fisherman/writer (Compleat Angler). [1]
1594
- March 25
- Birth of Maria Tesselschade Roemers Visscher Dutch writer. [1]
- April 20
- Birth of Matthaus Apelles von Lowenstern composer. [1]
- April 24
- Birth of Benedikt Lechler composer. [1]
- December 9
- Birth of Gustavus II Adolphus king who made Sweden a major power (1611-32). [1]
- December 20
- Birth of Giovanni Battista Gagliano composer. [1]
1595
- February 2
- Birth of Jacob van Campen painter/architect (New Church, Amsterdam). [1]
- April 5
- Birth of John Wilson composer. [1]
- May 27
- Birth of Benedictus Carpzovius [Benedikt Carpzov], German lawyer. [1]
1596
- January 5
- Birth of Henry Lawes English composer. [1]
- January 13
- Birth of Jan J Goyen Dutch landscape painter. [1]
- March 11
- Birth of Isaac Elsevier book publisher. [1]
- March 31
- Birth of René Descartes France, philosopher (he thought, therefore he was). [1]
- May 9
- Birth of Abraham van Diepenbeeck painter. [1]
- September 3
- Birth of Nicolo Amati Italy, violin maker (Stradivari and Guarneri). [1]
1597
- December 23
- Birth of Martin Opitz in Bunzlau, Silesia; poet and theoretician (Buch von der deutschen Poeterey (1624)), member of "Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft" literary society, considered the "father of German poetry". [1] [37]
1598
- April 5
- Birth of Laurentius Erhard composer. [1]
- April 9
- Birth of Johannes Crüger in Gross-Breesen; composer (Jesu, meine Freude, Nun danket alle Gott, and Herzliebster Jesu, was hast du verbrochen) and music theorist (Synopsis musica (1630)), cantor at the Nikolai church in Berlin. [1] [37]
- April 23
- Birth of Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp naval commander. [1]
- May 23
- Birth of Claude Mellan French engraver/cartoonist/painter, baptized. [1]
- August 7
- Birth of Georg Stiernhielm "father of Swedish poetry" (Hercules). [1]
- November 7
- Birth of Francisco de Zurbaran Spain, Baroque painter (baptized). [1]
- December 7
- Birth of Giovanni Bernini Italy, baroque sculptor (Saint Teresa in Ecstasy). [1]
1599
- January 12
- Birth of Adrian van Utrecht Flemish painter. [1]
- February 13
- Birth of Alexander VII [Fabio Chigi], Siena Italy, pope (1655-67). [1]
- February 22
- Birth of Anthony Van Dyck Antwerp Belgium, painter. [1]
- March 13
- Birth of Johannes Berchmans Dutch Jesuit/saint. [1]
- March 22
- Birth of Anthony Van Dyck Flemish painter (Charles I of England). [1]
- March 23
- Birth of Thomas Selle composer. [1]
- April 25
- Birth of Oliver Cromwell; Puritan lord protector of England (1653-58) (dies 1658). [1] [5]
- June 6
- Birth of Diego Velázquez Spain, painter (Rokeby Venus) (baptized). [1]
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