- March 10
- Birth of John McCloskey; US president of Saint John's College (Fordham University). [1]
- March 15
- Birth of Aernout Drost; Dutch literary (Hermingard van de Eikenterpen). [1]
- April 6
- Birth of Philip Gosse; inventor of institutional aquarium, writer (Omphalos). [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Félicien C David; French composer (Perle du Brésil, Désert). [1]
- April 28
- Birth of Daniel Ullmann; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1892). [1]
- May 8
- Birth of James Cooper; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1863). [1]
- May 9
- Birth of WFLC Marianne, princess of Orange-Nassau/daughter of King Willem I. [1]
- May 10
- Birth of James Shields; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1879). [1]
- May 23
- Birth of Margaret Fuller; writer/critic first professional book review column (New York Tribune). [1]
- May 24
- Birth of Abraham Geiger; theologian/author/leader of Reform Judaism. [1]
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- May 29
- Birth of Erasmus Darwin Keyes; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1895). [1]
- Birth of Solomon Meredith; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1875). [1]
- May 31
- Birth of Horatio Seymour; US Governor (Union) (dies 1886). [1]
- June 3
- Birth of Robert Mallet in Dublin, Ireland; engineer, inventor of the word seismology, considered the first seismologist. [53]
- June 8
- Birth of Robert Schumann in Zwickau, Saxony, Germany; composer (Fantastiestücke). [1]
- July 1
- Birth of Walter White; secretary (NAACP). [1]
- July 5
- Birth of Phineas Taylor Barnum in Bethel, Connecticut, USA; circus promoter (Barnum and Bailey). [1] [1101.631]
- August 10
- Birth of Camilio Benso di Cavour in Italy; Prime Minister. [1]
- September 4
- Birth of Donald McKay; US naval architect, built fastest clipper ships. [1]
- September 11
- Birth of James Pollock; US Mint Director. [546.36]
- October 4
- Birth of Elizabeth McDardle in Greeneville, Tennessee, USA; spouse of US President Andrew Johnson (dies 1876). [603.68]
- October 28
- Birth of Adley H Gladden in Louisiana, USA; Brigadier General, killed at Shiloh. [1]
- November 18
- Birth of Asa Gray in Sauquoit, New York, USA; botanist (Flora of North America). [1]
- November 30
- Birth of Oliver Fisher Winchester; rifle maker (Winchester). [1]
- December 7
- Birth of Theodor Schwann; German co-originator of cell theory. [1]
- December 11
- Birth of Alfred de Musset in Paris, France; writer (Un Caprice, Bettine). [1]
- December 13
- Birth of Clark Mills; US sculptor (Freedom, Armed Liberty). [1]
1811
- January 5
- Birth of Cyrus Hamlin; educator/missionary (established Robert College, Turkey). [1]
- January 6
- Birth of Charles Sumner; leading American Reconstruction senator (dies 1874). [1]
- February 3
- Birth of Horace Greeley; editor ("Go west, young man"). [1]
- February 8
- Birth of Edwin Denison Morgan; Secretary of War (Confederate States of America) (dies in 1883). [1]
- February 15
- Birth of Domingo F Sarmiento; President of Argentina (1868-74). [1]
- February 24
- Birth of Daniel A Payne; Bishop/reformer/educator of AME Church. [1]
- Birth of Edward Dickinson Baker; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1861). [1]
- March 1
- Birth of Robert Christie Buchanan; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1878). [1]
- March 3
- Birth of Vissarion Belinsky in Sveaborg, Finland; Russian author (Literary Review). [1]
- March 11
- Birth of Marsena Rudolph Patrick; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- Birth of Urbain Jean Joseph le Verrier; co-discovered Neptune. [1]
- March 15
- Birth of Robert Allen; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1886). [1]
- March 20
- Birth of George Caleb Bingham; US politician/painter (Country Election). [1]
- Birth of Napoleon Bonaparte II; Napoleon's son/King of Rome. [1]
- March 31
- Birth of Robert Wilhelm Eberhard von Bunsen in Germany; chemist (Bunsen Burner). [1]
- May 24
- Birth of Charles Clark; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1877). [1]
- June 7
- Birth of James Young Simpson in Scotland; obsterician (used chloroform). [1]
- June 14
- Birth of Harriet Beecher Stowe; author (Uncle Tom's Cabin). [1]
- July 18
- Birth of William Makepeace Thackeray in England; Victorian novelist (Vanity Fair). [1]
- August 3
- Birth of Elisha Graves Otis; inventor (safe elevator). [1]
- August 5
- Birth of Ambroise Thomas in Metz, France; composer (Mignon). [1]
- August 29
- Birth of Henry Bergh; first president of Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the USA. [1]
- August 31
- Birth of Théophile Gautier in Tarbas, France; writer/poet (Albertus). [1]
- September 3
- Birth of John Humphrey Noyes in Vermont, USA; founded Oneida Community (Perfectionists). [1]
- September 6
- Birth of James Melville Gilliss; founded Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, USA. [1]
- October 27
- Birth of Issac Merrit Singer; inventor (first practical home sewing machine). [1]
- December 18
- Birth of Alexander Sandor Asboth; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1868). [1]
- December 25
- Birth of Wilhelm E Freiherr von Ketteler; German politician/bishop of Mainz. [1]
1812
- January 8
- Birth of Sigismund Fortune François Thalberg in Geneva, Switzerland; leading pianist, rival of Franz Liszt. [1] [37]
- January 13
- Birth of Humphrey Marshall; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1872). [1]
- January 17
- Birth of Ludwig Windthorst in Kaldenhof, Germany; leader of Catholic Center Party. [37]
- January 20
- Birth of Ralph Pomeroy Buckland; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1892). [1]
- January 31
- Birth of John Randolph Tucker; Captain (Confederate Navy) (dies 1883). [1]
- February 7
- Birth of Charles Dickens in England; novelist (Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities). [1]
- February 11
- Birth of Alexander Hamilton Stephens; Vice President (Confederate States of America) (dies 1883). [1]
- Birth of Benjamin Franklin Sands; US Commander (Union Navy) (dies 1883). [1]
- February 15
- Birth of Charles Lewis Tiffany in Killingly, Connecticut, USA; jeweler (Tiffany). [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Henry Wilson; 18th US Vice-President (Republican, 1873-75). [1]
- February 28
- Birth of Berthold Auerbach; German author (Schwarzwälder Dorfgeschichten). [1]
- March 6
- Birth of Aaron Lufkin Dennison; father of American watchmaking. [1]
- March 10
- Birth of Victor Tesch; Belgian lawyer/minister of Justice. [1]
- March 11
- Birth of James Speed; Attorney General (Union) (dies 1887). [1]
- Birth of Pieter Blussé van Oud-Alblas; Dutch liberal minister of Finance. [1]
- March 16
- Birth of Henry Dwight Terry; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1869). [1]
- March 20
- Birth of George Bibb Crittenden; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1880). [1]
- April 3
- Birth of Louisa Maria; Queen of the Belgians (1832-50, wife of Leopold I). [1]
- April 9
- Birth of Randolph Barnes Marcy; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1887). [1]
- April 28
- Birth of Daniel Henry Rucker; Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1910). [1]
- May 7
- Birth of Robert Browning in London, England; poet (The Pied Piper). [1]
- May 12
- Birth of Edward Lear in England; landscape painter (Complete Nonsense Book). [1]
- Birth of Louis Ludwig Blenker; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1863). [1]
- May 17
- Birth of Joseph Warren Revere; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1880). [1]
- May 19
- Birth of Felix Kirk Zollicoffer; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1862). [1]
- May 23
- Birth of Henri A Esquiros; French poet/writer (Les Vierges Folles). [1]
- May 30
- Birth of John Alexander McClernand; US Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- June 18
- Birth of Ivan Goncharov in Russia; novelist/travel writer (Oblomov). [1]
- December 4
- Birth of Elias Smith Dennis; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1894). [1]
- December 14
- Birth of Charles J Canning; English earl/first viceroy of British-Indies. [1]
- December 16
- Birth of William Grose; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1900). [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Johanne Luise Heiberg in Copenhagen, Denmark; actress (Romeo and Juliet). [1]
- December 23
- Birth of Samuel Smiles in Scotland; author (Self-Help, Character, Duty). [1]
1813
- January 4
- Birth of Alexander Freiherr von Bach in Austria; attorney/premier (1852-59). [1]
- Birth of Louis L Bonaparte; English/French linguist/senator. [1]
- Birth of Isaac Pitman; inventor (shorthand). [1]
- January 5
- Birth of Thomas Neville Waul; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1903). [1]
- January 15
- Birth of James Marion Sims in South Carolina, USA; surgeon/gynecologist (vesicovaginal operation). [1]
- January 18
- Birth of Joseph Farwell Glidden; inventor (first commercially usable barbed wire) (dies 1906). [1] [5]
- Birth of John Geikie Wellstood in Edinburgh, Scotland; engraver (American Bank Note Company), designed and partly engraved backs of all US Treasury notes issued in 1870s. [958.833]
- January 19
- Birth of Henry Bessemer; engineer/inventor (Bessemer engine). [1]
- January 20
- Birth of Jacon Gartner Lauman; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1867). [1]
- January 21
- Birth of John C Frémont; map maker/explorer (western US), Governor of Arizona. [1]
- February 2
- Birth of József Eötvös; Hungarian Minister of Education (1848). [1]
- February 13
- Birth of Charles Pierre Schimpf; Governor of Suriname (1855-59). [1]
- February 14
- Birth of John McNeil; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1891). [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Joseph Reid Anderson; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1892). [1]
- March 4
- Birth of Wijnand J J Nuijen; romantic/water colors painter (Wrecked). [1]
- March 7
- Birth of Judocus Smits; Dutch Catholic newspaper pioneer/founder (The Time). [1]
- March 19
- Birth of David Livingstone in Scotland; explorer (found by Stanley in Africa). [1]
- March 20
- Birth of Matthias Keller in Ulm, Germany; hymn writer ("O Farther un High"). [1]
- March 21
- Birth of James Jesse Strang; king of Mormons on Beaver Island, Michigan (1850-56). [1]
- March 22
- Birth of Thomas Crawford in New York City, New York, USA; sculptor (Freedom atop dome of US Capitol). [1058.796]
- Birth of Gabriel Rene Paul; Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1886). [1]
- March 26
- Birth of Thomas West Sherman; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1879). [1]
- March 27
- Birth of Nathaniel Currier; lithographer (Currier and Ives). [1]
- March 29
- Birth of John Letcher; Governor (Confederacy) (dies 1884). [1]
- April 14
- Birth of Junius S Morgan; US merchant/philanthropist (Metropolitan Museum of Art). [1]
- April 17
- Birth of Henry Washington Benham; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1884). [1]
- April 23
- Birth of Stephen Arnold Douglas; US Senator (Lincoln debates). [1]
- May 5
- Birth of Søren Kierkegaard in Denmark; philosopher (founded Existentialism). [1]
- May 6
- Birth of Joseph Tarr Copeland; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1893). [1]
- May 10
- Birth of Montgomery Blair in Franklin County, Kentucky, USA; lawyer (Dred Scot versus Sandford). [1]
- May 22
- Birth of Richard Wagner in Leipzig, Germany; composer (Ring, Flying Dutchman). [1]
- May 23
- Birth of Mason Brayman; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1895). [1]
- June 8
- Birth of David D Porter; US Admiral (Civil War). [1]
- June 24
- Birth of Henry Ward Beecher in Litchfield, Connecticut, USA; clergyman/orator (The Independent). [1]
- October 10
- Birth of Giuseppe Verdi in Italy; composed operas (Rigoletto, Aida, Otello). [1]
- December 10
- Birth of Zachariah Chandler; US merchant/politician (founder of Republican Party). [1]
- December 19
- Birth of Thomas Andrews in Belfast, Ireland; chemist/physicist (ozone). [1]
- December 20
- Birth of Samuel Jordan Kirkwood; Governor of Iowa, US Secretary of Interior (1881-82). [1]
1814
- January 8
- Birth of Thomas Green; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1864). [1]
- January 10
- Birth of Aubrey de Vere; Irish writer (Victorian Observer). [1]
- January 11
- Birth of James Paget; English surgeon (disease of Paget). [1]
- Birth of Richard Griffith; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1862). [1]
- January 12
- Birth of Jones Mitchell Withers; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1890). [1]
- January 17
- Birth of Ellen Wood; English author (East Lynne, Pomeroy Abbey). [1]
- January 25
- Birth of Francis Harrison Pierpont; Governor (Union) (dies 1899). [1]
- January 26
- Birth of Rufus King; Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1876). [1]
- February 9
- Birth of Samuel Jones Tilden; philanthropist for New York Public Library. [1]
- March 9
- Birth of Taras Shevchenko in Ukraine; national poet/painter/professor of Kiev. [1]
- March 22
- Birth of Thomas Crawford; US sculptor (Babes in the Wood). [1]
- March 24
- Birth of Galen Clark; US naturalist, discovered Mariposa Grove. [1]
- April 2
- Birth of Henry Lewis "Old Rock" Benning; Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- April 4
- Birth of John Blair Smith Todd; Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies in 1872). [1]
- April 15
- Birth of John Lothrop Motley; US historian/author (Rise of the Dutch Republic). [1]
- April 24
- Birth of Angela Burdett-Coutts; philanthropist extrordinaire. [1]
- Birth of Vincente F López in Argentina; historian (La Novia del Hereje). [1]
- June 1
- Birth of Philip Kearney; American Civil War general (Union). [1]
- June 8
- Birth of Charles Reade in England; novelist (The Cloister and the Hearth). [1]
- July 19
- Birth of Samuel Colt; inventor (colt revolver). [1]
- August 13
- Birth of Anders Jonas ÅÅngström in Sweden; physicist, founded spectroscopy. [1]
- September 6
- Birth of George Cartier; Canadian co-Prime Minister (Conservative, 1858-62). [1]
- October 3
- Birth of Mikhail (Yurevich) Lermontov in Russia; romantic poet/novelist (Demon). [1]
- November 6
- Birth of Adolphe Sax in Belgium; musician/inventor (saxophone). [1] [5]
- December 19
- Birth of Edwin McMasters Stanton in Steubenville, Ontario, Canada; US Attorney General (1860-61), US Secretary of War (1862-68). [1] [548.106]
- December 25
- Birth of Jan de Liefde II; Dutch vicar/founder (Co-op of Welfare of the People). [1]
- December 27
- Birth of James Henry Carleton; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1873). [1]
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