- February 6
- Birth of John Brown Gordon; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1904). [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Camille Armand Jules Marie de Polignac; Major General (Confederate Army). [1]
- February 25
- Birth of Theodorus J I Arnold; bibliographer (Bibliotheca Belgian). [1]
- February 26
- Birth of John George Nicolay; US author (Abraham Lincoln's biographer). [1]
- February 27
- Birth of Alfred Pollard Edward Civil War journalist, died in 1872. [1]
- March 7
- Birth of Orlando Metcalfe Poe; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1895). [1]
- March 10
- Birth of William Henry Penrose; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1903). [1]
- March 11
- Birth of Franz Melde; German physicist (Melde test). [1]
- Birth of William Ruffin Cox; Brigadier General (Confederate Army-2nd North Carolina Infantry) (dies 1919). [1]
- March 12
- Birth of Charles Boycott in Ireland; estate manager/caused boycotts. [1]
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- March 16
- Birth of Charles Camp Doolittle; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteer). [1]
- March 17
- Birth of Moncure Daniel Conway; US clergyman/author/abolitionist (Life of Thomas Paine). [1]
- Birth of Walter Quintin Gresham; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- April 4
- Birth of Jose Echegaray y Elizaguirre; playwright/scientist (Teatro Escogido). [1]
- April 13
- Birth of James Wimshurst; British designer/inventor (electricstatic generator). [1]
- April 14
- Birth of James Hewett Ledlie; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1882). [1]
- April 19
- Birth of José Echegaray y Eizaguirre; mathematician/dramatist (Nobel Prize 1904). [1]
- Birth of Lucretia Rudolph in Garrettsville, Ohio, USA; spouse of US President James Garfield (1881). [1] [718.56]
- April 22
- Birth of Julius Sterling Morton Adams in New York; American politician (Governor-Nebraska), started Arbor Day. [1]
- May 5
- Birth of H H Bancroft; historian, publisher (History of the Pacific States). [1]
- May 7
- Birth of Carl G Neumann; German mathematician/physicist (Neumann-functions). [1]
- May 14
- Birth of Charles Frederick Peace in Cheffield, England; longtime thief/burglar/murderer. [856.26]
- May 16
- Birth of Philip Danforth Armour; founder (Armour Foods). [1]
- May 30
- Birth of George Doherty Johnston; Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- June 17
- Birth of William Crookes; chemist/physicist; discovered thallium. [1]
- August 2
- Birth of Henry Steel Olcott; first president of Theosophical Society. [1]
- October 1
- Birth of Caroline Lavinia Scott in Oxford, Ohio, USA; spouse of US President Benjamin Harrison. [1] [912.76]
- November 7
- Birth of Andrew Dickson White; educator/first President of Cornell. [1]
- November 18
- Birth of Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskjold in Sweden; Arctic explorer. [1]
- November 29
- Birth of Louisa May Alcott in Germantown, Pennsylvania, USA; author (Little Women). [1]
- December 1
- Birth of Archibald Gracie Junior; Brigadier-General (Confederate Army) (dies 1864). [1]
- December 8
- Birth of Björnstjerne Björnson in Norway; novelist (Pa Guds Veje, Nobel Prize-1903). [1]
- December 12
- Birth of Abraham C Wertheim; Dutch banker/Member of Parliament (liberal). [1]
- December 14
- Birth of Daniel Harris Reynolds; Brigadier-General (Confederate Army) (dies 1902). [1]
- December 15
- Birth of Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel; French engineer (Eiffel tower). [1]
- December 19
- Birth of John Kirk Barry in Scotland; Doctor/companion to explorer David Livingstone. [1]
- December 21
- Birth of John Henry Ketcham; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1906). [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Edward Hatch; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1889). [1]
- December 25
- Birth of Thomas Alfred Smyth; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1865). [1]
1833
- January 12
- Birth of Eugen Dühring in Berlin, Germany; political philosopher, professor, writer Captial und Arbeit (1865), Kritische Geschichte der Philosophie (1869) and Cursus der National- und Socialökonomie (1873-92). [37]
- January 21
- Birth of Norman Willis; union leader (Britain's Trades Union Congress). [1]
- January 23
- Birth of John Randolph Chambliss Junior; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1864). [1]
- January 24
- Birth of Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer; German historian (Deutsche Geschichte). [1]
- January 28
- Birth of Charles George Gordon in London, England; military hero/general (China, Khartoum). [1]
- February 5
- Birth of John Watkinson; founder of British Chess Magazine (oldest chess magazine). [1]
- February 6
- Birth of James Ewell Brown Stuart AKA Jeb Stuart; Major General (Commander of Cavalry, Confederate Army). [1]
- Birth of José M de Pereda y Sánchez the Porrúa; Spanish writer (Sotileza). [1]
- February 7
- Birth of Ricardo Palma in Peru; writer/poet (Tradiciones Peruanas). [1]
- February 11
- Birth of Melville Weston Fuller; 8th US chief justice. [1]
- February 13
- Birth of William Whedbee Kirkland; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1915). [1]
- February 18
- Birth of James Deshler; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1863). [1]
- February 19
- Birth of Élie Ducommun in Switzerland; writer/pacifist (Nobel Prize 1902). [1]
- February 24
- Birth of Eduard earl von Taaffe; Austrian premier (1868-93). [1]
- February 25
- Birth of Clement Anselm Evans; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1911). [1]
- March 10
- Birth of Pedro Antonio de Alarcón in Spain; writer (Three-Cornered Hat). [1]
- March 14
- Birth of John Sappington Marmaduke; Major General (Confederate Army). [1]
- April 2
- Birth of Thomas Howard Ruger; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- April 6
- Birth of Johan H C Kern; Dutch linguist (Sanskrit, Old Javan). [1]
- April 10
- Birth of David McMurtrie Gregg; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- Birth of James Edward Rains; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1862). [1]
- May 8
- Birth of Frank Wheaton; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1903). [1]
- August 11
- Birth of Robert Green Ingersoll in New York City, New York, USA; author/politician/agnostic (Attorney General-Republican-Illinois). [1]
- August 20
- Birth of Benjamin Harrison in North Bend, Ohio, USA; brigadier general of 70th Indiana Infantry Regiment, US Senator (1881-87), 23rd US President (1889-1893). [1] [5] [912.44]
- September 20
- Birth of Ernesto Teodoro in Moneta, Italy; journalist (Nobel Peace Prize 1907). [1]
- October 21
- Birth of Alfred Bernhard Nobel in Stockholm, Sweden; created dynamite and Peace Prizes (dies 1896). [1] [5]
- November 12
- Birth of Aleksandr Borodin in Russia; composer (Robert LeDiable). [1]
- November 13
- Birth of Edwin Thomas Booth; US Hall of Fame/actor (Hamlet). [1]
- December 6
- Birth of John Singleton Mosby; lawyer/Colonel (Confederate Army) (dies 1916). [1]
- December 12
- Birth of Matthias Hohner; German manufacturer (harmonica). [1]
- December 17
- Birth of James Thadeus Holtzclaw; Brigadier-General (Confederate Army) (dies in 1893). [1]
- December 20
- Birth of Samuel A Mudd; doctor, convicted of giving medical aid to John Wilkes Booth. [1]
- December 28
- Birth of Charles Miller Shelley; Brigadier-General (Confederate Army) (dies 1907). [1]
- December 29
- Birth of John James Ingalls; American politician (Representative-Kansas). [1]
1834
- January 1
- Birth of Ludovic Halévy in Paris, France; actor (Carmen). [1]
- January 10
- Birth of John Acton; English historian/Member of Parliament. [1]
- January 13
- Birth of Horatio Alger Junior in Revere, Massachusetts, USA; author (Lost at Sea, Work and Win). [1]
- January 16
- Birth of Albert Lindley Lee; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1907). [1]
- January 17
- Birth of August Weismann in Frankfurt am Main, Germany; professor of medicine at the University of Freiburg, developed a theory of cellular germ plasm, from which the modern understanding of DNA develops. [37]
- January 27
- Birth of Robert Sanford Foster; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- February 6
- Birth of William Dorsey Pender; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1863). [1]
- February 7
- Birth of Dmitri I Mendelejev; Russian chemist (devised Periodic Table of elements). [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Ernst Heinrich Haeckel in Potsdam, Germany; biologist (Causes of Evolution). [1]
- February 23
- Birth of Gustav Hermann Nachtigal; German physician/colonizer/consul in Tunisia. [1]
- March 17
- Birth of Gottlieb Daimler in Germany; engineer/inventor/auto pioneer, designed first motorcycle. [1]
- March 20
- Birth of Charles William Elliot in Boston, Massachusetts, USA; President of Harvard University (1869-1909). [1]
- March 22
- Birth of Francis Asbury Shoup; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1896). [1]
- April 2
- Birth of Frédéric-Auguste Bertholdi in France; sculptor (Statue of Liberty). [1]
- April 21
- Birth of William Rufus Terrill; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1862). [1]
- May 21
- Birth of Charles-Albert Gobat in Switzerland; politician/lawyer/author (Nobel Prize 1902). [1]
- July 10
- Birth of James Abbott McNeill Whistler; artist (Whistler's Mother). [5] (July 14 [1])
- July 19
- Birth of Edgar Degas in France; impressionist painter (Bouquet). [1]
- July 23
- Birth of James Cardinal Gibbons; archbishop of Baltimore. [1]
- August 18
- Birth of Marshall Field; founded Chicago-based store chain (Field's). [1]
- August 31
- Birth of Amilcare Ponchielli in Paderno, Italy; composer (I Lituani). [1]
- October 10
- Birth of Aleksis Kivi in Finland; playwright (Kullervo, Seitsemän Veljestä). [1]
- December 16
- Birth of Léon Walras; French economist (border use theory). [1]
- December 23
- Birth of Thomas R Malthus; English vicar/economist (moral restraint). [1]
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