- January 27
- Birth of William Henry Fitzhugh Payne; Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- January 31
- Birth of James Gillespie Blaine in West Brownsville, Pennsylvania; American politician (Representative-Republican-Maine 1863-76/Senator-Republican-Maine 1876-81/Secretary of State 1889-92). [1]
- February 3
- Birth of Robert Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative), British Prime Minister (1885-1902). [1]
- February 6
- Birth of Marcellus Monroe Crocker; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (died in 1865). [1]
- February 9
- Birth of Abdül Aziz in Istanbul, Ottoman; 32nd sultan of Turkey (1861-76). [1]
- March 12
- Birth of William Felix Brantley; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1870). [1]
- March 15
- Birth of Paul von Heyse in Germany; writer (Nobel Prize 1910). [1]
- March 20
- Birth of Eugene Asa Carr; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1910). [1]
- March 25
- Birth of Julius Caesar; cricket player (prominent batsman for Surrey). [1]
- April 5
- Birth of Alexander Muir in Lesmahagow, Scotland; poet (The Maple Leaf Forever). [1]
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- April 6
- Birth of James Augustine Healy in Macon, Georgia, USA; first black Roman Catholic bishop. [1]
- April 9
- Birth of Eadweard Muybridge in England; pioneered study of motion, photography. [1]
- April 29
- Birth of Adolph Sutro; San Francisco mayor, built Cliff House, railways, tunnels. [1]
- April 30
- Birth of Davis Tillson; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1895). [1]
- May 10
- Birth of François M Raoult; French physicist/chemist (law of Raoult). [1]
- May 11
- Birth of John Converse Starkweather; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]
- May 13
- Birth of Zebulon Baird Vance; Governor (Confederacy) (dies 1894). [1]
- May 14
- Birth of George Pierce Doles; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1864). [1]
- May 15
- Birth of Laurence Simmons Baker; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1907). [1]
- Birth of Martinus W van der Aa; author/Dutch head-editor (The Time). [1]
- May 18
- Birth of Karl Goldmark Keszthely in Hungary; composer (Sakuhtala). [1]
- May 20
- Birth of Amalia, princess of Saxon-Weimar-Eisenach/wife of prince Henry. [1]
- Birth of Hector H Malot; French writer (Without Family). [1]
- May 25
- Birth of Jules de Geyter; Belgian poet (International). [1]
- May 28
- Birth of George Lucas Hartsuff; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1874). [1]
- May 30
- Birth of Edward Winslow Hinks; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- September 8
- Birth of Frédéric Mistral Provençal; poet (Nobel Prize 1904). [1]
- September 15
- Birth of Porfirio Díaz; soldier, president of Mexico (1877-1911). [1]
- October 10
- Birth of Queen Isabella II; Queen of Spain (1833-68). [1]
- October 30
- Birth of John S Bowen; Major-General (Confederate). [1]
- December 5
- Birth of Christina Rossetti in London, England; poet (Winter Rain, Passing Away). [1]
- December 7
- Birth of Luigi Cremona; Italian mathematician/minister of Education. [1]
- December 10
- Birth of Emily Dickinson in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; poet (Collected Poems). [1]
- Birth of Kálmán Tisza; premier of Hungary (1875-90). [1]
- December 12
- Birth of Joseph Orville Shelby; Brigadier-General (Confederate Army) (dies 1897). [1]
- December 14
- Birth of Allen Thomas; Brigadier-General (Confederate Army) (dies 1907). [1]
- December 16
- Birth of John Frederick Hartranft; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1889). [1]
- December 17
- Birth of Jules de Goncourt in France; novelist (Germinie). [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Justin M'Carthy in Ireland; Irish politician/novelist (Miss Misanthrope). [1]
- December 29
- Birth of Ezra Meeker in Huntsville, Ohio, USA; sculptor, co-founder of Puyallup Washington, grower of hops, promoter of the Oregon Trail. [663.44]
- December 31
- Birth of Ismail Pasha; kedive of Egypt (1863-79). [1]
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- January 2
- Birth of Justin Winston; historian/librarian (Harvard). [1]
- January 11
- Birth of James Ronald Chalmers; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1898). [1]
- January 14
- Birth of John Bullock Clark Junior; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1903). [1]
- January 18
- Birth of Edward Ferrero; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1899). [1]
- January 20
- Birth of Pieter J Joubert; General (South Africa). [1]
- January 26
- Birth of Mary Mapes Dodge in New York City, New York, USA; writer (Hans Brinker and the Silver Skates). [1]
- January 28
- Birth of Henry Brevard Davidson; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1899). [1]
- February 3
- Birth of Cyrus Ballou Comstock; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1910). [1]
- February 9
- Birth of John M. Eckfeldt; US Mint Chief Coiner. [477.74]
- February 12
- Birth of John Morrissey; boxer/developer of Saratoga Springs horse race track. [1]
- February 13
- Birth of John Aaron Rawlins; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1869). [1]
- February 23
- Birth of Hendrik W Mesdag; Dutch painter (Panorama Mesdag). [1]
- February 24
- Birth of Georg Leo earl von Caprivi; German chancellor/premier of Prussia. [1]
- March 1
- Birth of Hiram Bronson Granbury; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1864). [1]
- March 3
- Birth of George M Pullman; inventor (railway sleeping car). [1]
- March 6
- Birth of Friedrich C K von Bodelschwingh; German theologist (Home Mission). [1]
- Birth of Philip Henry Sheridan in Albany, New York, USA; four-star general, Union Army (dies 1888). [1] [501.128]
- March 7
- Birth of John Bratton [Old Reliable]; US physician/Confederate Brigadier General. [1]
- March 12
- Birth of Clement Studebaker; automobile pioneer (Studebaker). [1]
- March 15
- Birth of Edward Aylesworth Perry; Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- April 4
- Birth of Edward Cary Walthall; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1898). [1]
- April 8
- Birth of Allard Pierson; Dutch theologiost/philosopher/art historian/poet. [1]
- April 12
- Birth of George Burgwyn Anderson; Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- Birth of Grenville Mellen Dodge; US Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- April 14
- Birth of Gerhard Rohlfs; German explorer/ambassador in Abyssinia. [1]
- April 22
- Birth of Alexander McDowell McCook; US Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- May 13
- Birth of Willem, baron of Goltstein of Oldenaller; Dutch minister of Colonies. [1]
- May 16
- Birth of David Edward Hughes; inventor (microphone, teleprinter). [1]
- June 1
- Birth of John B Hood; Confederate general (lost Atlanta, Georgia). [1]
- June 13
- Birth of James Clerk Maxwell; physicist, formulated electromagnetic theory. [1]
- June 28
- Birth of Joseph Joachim Kittsee in Germany; violinist (Hungarian Concerto). [1]
- August 28
- Birth of Lucy Ware Webb in Chillicothe, Ohio, USA; spouse of US President Ruthorford B. Hayes. [1] [692.65]
- October 6
- Birth of Richard Dedekind; mathematician (Nature and Meaning of Numbers). [1]
- October 15
- Birth of Helen Maria Hunt Jackson; author (Ramona). [1]
- November 13
- Birth of James Maxwell in Edinburgh, Scotland; physicist (Treatise on Electricity). [1]
- November 19
- Birth of James A. Garfield in Orange Township, Ohio, USA; President of Eclectic Institute (1857), Senator for Ohio (1859-61), colonel and major general of 42nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry regiment (1861-63), US House of Representatives for Ohio (1862-79), 20th President of the USA (1881). [1] [718.50]
- December 6
- Birth of Joshua Woodrow Sill; US Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1862). [1]
- December 22
- Birth of Robert Ogden Tyler; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1874). [1]
- December 27
- Birth of Lucius Fairchild; US Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1896). [1]
- December 29
- Birth of Adam Badeau; US Brevet Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1895). [1]
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