- January 9
- Birth of John Porter Hatch; US Brevet Major General (Union) (dies 1901). [1]
- January 27
- Birth of Thomas Leiper Kane; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1883). [1]
- January 28
- Birth of Alexander MacKenzie; second Prime Minister of Canada (Liberal, 1873-78). [1]
- January 30
- Birth of John Basil Turchin [Ivan Turchinoff]; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]
- February 8
- Birth of Maxime Du Camp in France; writer/traveler (Les Buveurs de Cendres). [1]
- February 16
- Birth of James Patton Anderson; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1872). [1]
- February 22
- Birth of Adolf Kuszmaul; German physician (stomach pump, Kuszmaul disease). [1]
- February 28
- Birth of Matthew Duncan Ector; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1879). [1]
- March 1
- Birth of Albin Francisco Schoepf; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1886). [1]
- Birth of Charles Champion Gilbert; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]
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- March 11
- Birth of Allison Nelson; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1862). [1]
- March 16
- Birth of John Pope; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1892). [1]
- Birth of Rosa Bonheur; French landscape painter (Buffalo Bill). [1]
- March 22
- Birth of Ahmed Djevdet Pasha; Turkish minister of Education/Justice. [1]
- Birth of Isaac D Fransen van de Putte; Dutch premier (1866). [1]
- Birth of Seth Williams; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1866). [1]
- April 3
- Birth of Edward Everett Hale; US clergyman/author (Man without a Country). [1]
- April 5
- Birth of James Nagle; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1866). [1]
- April 7
- Birth of Gershom Mott; US Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- April 13
- Birth of Leroy Augustus Stafford; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1864). [1]
- Birth of William Stephen Walker; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1899). [1]
- April 15
- Birth of Napolean Jackson Tecumseh Dana; US Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- April 24
- Birth of Erastus Barnard Tyler; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- April 26
- Birth of Frederick Law Olmsted; architect/writer (designed Central Park). [1]
- April 27
- Birth of Hiram Ulysses Simpson Grant in Point Pleasant, Ohio, USA; 18th President of the USA (1869-77). [1] [638.56]
- May 20
- Birth of Emile Erckmann [E-Chatrian]; French writer (Waterloo). [1]
- Birth of Frédéric Passy; French economist/pacifist; co-winner of first Nobel Peace Prize (1901). [1]
- May 21
- Birth of Dabney Herndon Maury; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1900). [1]
- Birth of Mosby Monroe Parsons; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1865). [1]
- July 22
- Birth of Gregor Mendel; monk/geneticist, discoverer of the laws of heredity. [1] (July 20 [5])
- September 16
- Birth of Charles S Crocker; President of Central and South Pacific Railroad. [1]
- September 22
- Birth of Eppa Hunton; Brigadier General, fought in most ANV campaigns. [1]
- October 4
- Birth of Rutherford B. Hayes in Delaware, Ohio, USA; brevet major general in 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry (1861-65), Ohio Representative in Congress (1865-67), Governor of Ohio (1867-72, 1876), US President (1877-81). [1] [692.46]
- December 3
- Birth of Charles Adam Heckman; US Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1896). [1]
- December 4
- Birth of Frances Crabbe in England; feminist, founded Anti-Vivisection Society. [1]
- December 8
- Birth of Luther Prentice Bradley; US Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1910). [1]
- December 10
- Birth of César Franck in Liège, Belgium; composer (Rébecca). [1]
- Birth of Thomas Casimer Devin; US Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1878). [1]
- December 24
- Birth of Charles Hermite; French mathematician (e is Transcendent). [1]
- Birth of Matthew Arnold in England; poet/critic (Dover Beach). [1]
- December 26
- Birth of Dion Boucicault; Irish/US actor/playwright (Rip van Winkle). [1]
- December 27
- Birth of Louis Pasteur in Dole, France; bacteriologist (pasteurization). [1]
- December 28
- Birth of William Booth Taliaferro; Brigadier-General (Confederate Army) (dies 1898). [1]
1823
- January 1
- Birth of Sándor Petöfi Kikkörös in Hungary; poet, revolutionary (Jáos Vitéz). [1]
- January 4
- Birth of Otto van Rees; Governor-General of Dutch-Indies (1884-88). [1]
- Birth of Peter Joseph Osterhaus; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1917). [1]
- January 8
- Birth of Alfred Russel Wallace; British zoologist/co-discoverer (evolution). [1]
- January 9
- Birth of Friedrich von Esmarch in Tönning, Germany; military surgeon, professor of surgery, handbook on first aid for civilians and military, first-aid bandage on the battlefield. [37]
- January 27
- Birth of Edouard-Victoire-Antoine Lalo in France; composer (Symphonie Espagnole). [1]
- January 29
- Birth of Franklin Gardner; Major-General (US Civil War-fought at Shiloh and Port Hudson). [1]
- February 3
- Birth of Spencer F Baird; US biologist (Wood's Hole Station). [1]
- February 15
- Birth of Li Hung-Tshang; Chinese rebel leader/viceroy of Tsheli Canton. [1]
- February 16
- Birth of John D Imboden; Brigadier General, organized first Virginia Partisan Texas Rangers. [1]
- February 27
- Birth of Ferdinand Van Derveer; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1892). [1]
- Birth of William Buel Franklin; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1903). [1]
- February 28
- Birth of Ernest Renan; French philosopher/historian/scholar of religion. [1]
- March 3
- Birth of Guyla Andrássy; premier of Hungary (1867-71). [1]
- March 12
- Birth of William Flank Perry; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1901). [1]
- March 14
- Birth of Roswell Sabine Ripley; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1887). [1]
- March 19
- Birth of Cornelis A van Sypesteyn; Dutch Governor of Surinam (1873-82). [1]
- March 20
- Birth of John Echols; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1896). [1]
- March 23
- Birth of Schuyler Colfax; American politician (Republican) 17th Vice President (1869-73). [1]
- March 25
- Birth of William Thompson Martin; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1910). [1]
- March 27
- Birth of Samuel Kosciusko Zook; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- March 30
- Birth of Joseph Farmer Knipe; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1901). [1]
- April 1
- Birth of Simon Bolivar Buckner; Lieutenant General (Confederate Army) (dies 1914). [1]
- April 3
- Birth of William Marcy "Boss" Tweed; corrupt New York City political boss. [1]
- April 4
- Birth of Karl Wilhelm Siemens; inventor (laid undersea cables). [1]
- Birth of Robert Byington Mitchell; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]
- April 6
- Birth of Joseph Medill in Saint John, New Brunswick; newspaper editor (Chicago Tribune). [1]
- April 10
- Birth of Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb; Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- April 12
- Birth of Aleksandr Ostrovsky; Russian playwright (Artists and Admirers). [1]
- April 16
- Birth of Orlando Bolivar Wilcox; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1907). [1]
- April 22
- Birth of Alfred Gibbs; US Major General (Union Army) (dies 1868). [1]
- April 23
- Birth of Abdül-Medjid, 31st sultan of Turkey (1839-61) (dies 1861). [1] [5]
- April 30
- Birth of George JD Campbell; Scottish/British Minister to Indies (1868-74, 1880-85). [1]
- May 5
- Birth of James Allen Hardie; US Brevet Major General (Union Army) (dies 1876). [1]
- May 10
- Birth of John Sherman in Lancaster, Ohio, USA; canal engineer, lawyer, Representative (Ohio, 1854-61), US Senator (Ohio, 1861-77, 1881-97), Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, US Treasury Secretary (1877-81), Secretary of State (1897-98) (dies 1900). [1] [525.116]
- May 27
- Birth of John Gray Foster; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1874). [1]
- June 5
- Birth of George Thorndike Angell in Massachusetts, USA; lawyer (ASPCA). [1]
- June 11
- Birth of James L Kemper; US Major General, hero at Battle of Williamsberg. [1]
- August 4
- Birth of Oliver Perry Morton; American politician (Governor-Indiana). [1]
- August 11
- Birth of Charlotte Mary Yonge in England; writer (Heir of Redclyffe). [1]
- September 16
- Birth of Francis Parkman; American historian/author (Oregon Trail). [1]
- October 20
- Birth of Thomas Hughes in England; author (Tom Brown's School Days). [1]
- November 8
- Birth of Charles Kennedy Burt in Edinburgh, Scotland; chief engraver for US Treasury Department for 20 years. [452.70] [958.829]
- December 7
- Birth of Leopold Kronecker; German mathematician (Tensor of Kronecker). [1]
- December 21
- Birth of Jean Henri Fabre in France; entomologist (insects and spiders). [1]
- December 25
- Birth of Preston Smith; Brigadier-General (Confederate Army) (dies 1863). [1]
- December 28
- Birth of Thomas Alexander Scott; US Assistant Secretary War (Union) (dies 1881). [1]
1824
- January 7
- Birth of James Morrison Hawes; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1889). [1]
- January 8
- Birth of William Wilkie Collins; English novelist (The Woman in White, The Moonstone). [1]
- January 21
- Birth of Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson; Lieutenant-General second Corps (ANV, Confederacy). [1] [434.140]
- February 3
- Birth of George Thomas "Tige" Anderson; Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- Birth of Nathan George "Shanks" Evans; Brigadier General (Confederacy) (dies 1868). [1]
- February 7
- Birth of William Higgins; discovered nature of spiral "nebulae". [1]
- February 8
- Birth of Barnard Elliot Bee; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1861). [1]
- February 10
- Birth of Samuel Plimsoll in Bristol, England; inventor (Plimsoll line for ships). [1]
- February 12
- Birth of Arya Samaj Maha Rishi Dayanand Sarsvati; Indian Hindu leader. [1]
- February 14
- Birth of Winfield Scott Hancock; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1886). [1]
- February 17
- Birth of William Farrar "Baldy" Smith; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1903). [1]
- February 23
- Birth of Herman N van der Tuuk; Dutch philologist (Tobasch' Grammar). [1]
- Birth of Lewis Cass Hunt; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1886). [1]
- February 24
- Birth of John Crawford Vaughn; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1875). [1]
- February 26
- Birth of Carlos Calvo; Argentine diplomat/people rights scholar (Calvo Clause). [1]
- February 28
- Birth of John Creed Moore; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1910). [1]
- March 2
- Birth of Bedrich Friedrich Smetana; Bohemian composer (Bartered Bride, Moldau). [1]
- Birth of Henry Beebee Carrington; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1912). [1]
- March 5
- Birth of Elisha Harris; US physician/founded American Public Health Association. [1]
- Birth of James Merritt Ives; lithographer (Currier and Ives). [1]
- March 9
- Birth of Leland Stanford; American politician (Governor/Senator), founded Stanford University. [1]
- March 10
- Birth of Thomas J Churchill; Major General (Confederate Army), fought at Wilson's Creek, Red River. [1]
- March 12
- Birth of Gustav R Kirchoff in Prussia; physicist (spectral analysis). [1]
- March 15
- Birth of Branko Radicevic; Serbian poet (first Serbian Uprising). [1]
- March 22
- Birth of William Henry Chase Whiting; Major General (Confederate Army). [1]
- March 30
- Birth of Innis Newton Palmer; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- April 5
- Birth of Sydney Thompson Dobell; poet (The Roman). [1]
- April 20
- Birth of Alfred Holt Colquitt; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1894). [1]
- May 8
- Birth of William Walker; filibuster/President of Nicaragua (1856-57). [1]
- May 9
- Birth of William Edmonson "Grumble" Jones; Brigadier General (Confederate Army). [1]
- May 10
- Birth of Charles Henry Van Wyck; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1895). [1]
- May 16
- Birth of Edmund Kirby-Smith in Florida; West Point graduate/educator/General (Confederate Army). [1]
- Birth of Levi Parsons Morton; American politician (Republican) 22nd US Vice President (1889-93). [1]
- May 23
- Birth of Ambrose Everett Burnside; Major General (US volunteers). [1]
- May 29
- Birth of Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox; Major General (Confederate Army). [1]
- June 26
- Birth of William Thomson Lord Kelvin, engineer/mathematician/physicist. [1] [5]
- June 28
- Birth of Paul Broca in France; brain surgeon/anthropologist (located speech center). [1]
- July 27
- Birth of Alexandre Dumas in France; playwright/novelist (Camille). [1]
- September 4
- Birth of Phoebe Cary in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; American poet (Poems of Alice and Phoebe Cary). [1]
- September 28
- Birth of Francis Turner Palgrave in England; poet (Golden Treasury), professor (Oxford). [1]
- October 6
- Birth of Henry Chadwick; baseball pioneer, developed first rule book. [1]
- December 5
- Birth of Titian James Coffey; US Attorney General (Union) (dies 1867). [1]
- December 10
- Birth of George MacDonald in Scotland; sci-fi author (Lilith, Princess and Curdie). [1]
- December 14
- Birth of Pierre C Puvis de Chavannes; French painter (Panthéon). [1]
- December 17
- Birth of John Kerr in Ardrossan, Scotland; physicist (electro-visually Kerr-effect). [1]
- Birth of Manning Ferguson Force; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1899). [1]
- Birth of Thomas Starr King in New York City, New York, USA; Unitarian clergyman (Christianity and Humanity). [1]
- December 19
- Birth of Hercules Robinson in Ireland; South Africa Commissioner (1880-89, 1895-97). [1]
- December 26
- Birth of Augustus Louis Chetlain; Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1914). [1]
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