- February 27
- Birth of Richard Garnett; English author (Ananda the Miracle Worker). [1]
- March 1
- Birth of Matthias J Scheeben; German theologist (Natur und Gnade). [1]
- March 6
- Birth of Charles Ewing; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1883. [1]
- March 14
- Birth of Giovanni V Schiaparelli; Italian astronomer (discovered canals of Mars). [1]
- March 15
- Birth of Eduard Strauss in Austria; composer (318 Dance). [1]
- March 24
- Birth of Josef Stefan in Austria; physicist (Stefan-Boltzmann law). [1]
- April 9
- Birth of Leopold II; King of Belgians (1865-1909). [1]
- April 27
- Birth of John Murray Corse in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
- May 1
- Birth of Alfred Napoleon Alexander "Natti" Duffie; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers). [1]
- May 21
- Birth of Newton Martin Curtis; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers). [1]
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- May 26
- Birth of Edward Porter Alexander; Brigadier General of artillery (Confederate Army). [1]
- May 30
- Birth of Alfred Austin in Leeds, England; poet laureate of England (Garden). [1]
- June 2
- Birth of Saint Pius X; 257th Roman Catholic pope (1903-14). [1]
- July 10
- Birth of Henryk Wieniawski in Lubin, Poland; violinist/composer (Souv de Moscou). [1]
- July 27
- Birth of Giosuè Carducci in Italy; poet (Nobel Prize 1906). [1]
- September 11
- Birth of Brigadier General William Wirt Allen; first Alabama Cavalry. [1]
- October 1
- Birth of William H "Red" Jackson; US Brigadier General (7th Tennessee Cavalry). [1]
- October 9
- Birth of Camille Saint-Saëns in Paris, France; composer (Ode á Sainte Cécile). [1]
- October 17
- Birth of Alexandrine-Pieternella-Françoise Tinné; explored the White Nile. [1]
- November 22
- Birth of Frank C Armstrong; US Brigadier General (Cavalry Commander under Forrest). [1]
- November 25
- Birth of Andrew Carnegie; steel industrialist/library builder. [1]
- November 30
- Birth of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, aka Mark Twain, in Florida, Missouri, USA; writer (The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn). [5] [547.18]
- December 1
- Birth of Micah Jenkins; US Brigadier-General (Led Hoods Division at Chickamauga) (dies 1864). [1]
- December 4
- Birth of Samuel Butler in England; author (Erewhom, Way of All Flesh). [1]
- December 11
- Birth of Adolf Stoecker; German anti-semite/Prime Minister. [1]
- December 13
- Birth of Phillips Brooks; Episcopal bishop/composer ("Little Town of Bethlehem"). [1]
- December 18
- Birth of George Dashiell Bayard; US Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1862). [1]
1836
- January 14
- Birth of [Hugh] Judson Kilpatrick; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1881). [1]
- January 27
- Birth of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch; Austrian writer (masochism). [1]
- January 29
- Birth of Benjamin Franklin Potts; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1887). [1]
- Birth of James Meech Warner; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1897). [1]
- February 18
- Birth of Swami Ramakrishna AKA Gadadhar Chatterji; Indian mystic/Hindu leader. [1]
- February 21
- Birth of Léo Delibes in Saint-Germain-du-Val, France; ballet composer (Coppélia). [1]
- February 24
- Birth of Winslow Homer; US painter (Gulfstream). [1]
- March 8
- Birth of Matthew Calbraith Butler; Major General (Confederate Army). [1]
- March 16
- Birth of Andrew S Hallidie; inventor (cable car). [1]
- April 26
- Birth of Erminnie Adelle Platt; US ethnologist (Iriquois-English Dictionary). [1]
- May 8
- Birth of Bryan Morel Thomas; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1905). [1]
- May 14
- Birth of James Patrick; Major Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1877). [1]
- May 17
- Birth of Joseph Norman Lockyer; discovered Helium/founded Nature magazine. [1]
- May 18
- Birth of Wilhelm Steinitz in Austria; world chess champion (1866-94). [1]
- May 27
- Birth of Edwin Gray Lee; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1870). [1]
- June 10
- Birth of Yamaoka Tesshu; Japanese swordsman, master of kendo. [1]
- August 22
- Birth of Archibald M Willard; US artist (Spirit of '76). [1]
- August 25
- Birth of Bret Harte; US author (Outcasts of Poker Flat). [1]
- September 7
- Birth of Henry Campbell-Bannerman; British Prime Minister (Liberal) (1905-08). [1]
- September 10
- Birth of Joseph Wheeler; Major General/Cavalry Commander, Army of Tennessee. [1]
- November 6
- Birth of Francis Ellingwood Abbot in Boston, Massachusetts, USA; theologian (Scientific Theism). [1]
- November 11
- Birth of Thomas Bailey Aldrich; US author/editor (Story of a Bad Boy). [1]
- November 18
- Birth of Maximo Gomez Banff; general (Cuba). [1]
- Birth of William Schwenck Gilbert in London, England; composer (Gilbert and Sullivan). [1]
- December 15
- Birth of Edmond Picard; French/Belgian lawyer/writer (La forge Roussel). [1]
- December 19
- Birth of Maria L Sanford; pioneer educator (PTA). [1]
- December 27
- Birth of Henricus Oort; Dutch theologist (Leidse translation). [1]
1837
- January 2
- Birth of Mily Alexeyevich Balakirev in Nizhny-Novgorod, Russia; composer (Tamara). [1]
- January 4
- Birth of Casimiro de Abreu in Brazil; poet (Camoes e o jau). [1]
- January 16
- Birth of James Phillip Simms; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1887). [1]
- February 5
- Birth of Dwight Lyman Moody; US evangelist (Student Volunteer Movement). [1]
- February 7
- Birth of James Augustus Henry Murray in Scotland; created Oxford Dictionary. [1]
- February 17
- Birth of Francis Jay Herron; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1902). [1]
- Birth of Sam[uel] van Houten; Dutch (Liberal) minister (child labor laws). [1]
- February 21
- Birth of Rosalía de Castro; Spanish writer (Canteres Gallegos, Follas Novas). [1]
- February 26
- Birth of Charles Woeste; Belgian count/minister of Justice. [1]
- March 1
- Birth of Ion Creanga; Romanian fairy tale author (Amintiti the Copilarie). [1]
- Birth of William Dean Howells; US novelist/critic/editor (Atlantic). [1]
- March 7
- Birth of Henry Draper in Virginia, USA; astro-spectro-photographer (Moon, Jupiter) (dies 1882). [1] [5]
- March 14
- Birth of Charles Ammi Cutter; US librarian (Expansive classification/originated Cutter system). [1]
- March 18
- Birth of Stephen Grover Cleveland in Caldwell, New Jersey, USA; lawyer, Eric County district attorney (1863-65), Erie County sheriff (1871-73), mayor of Buffalo (1881), governor of New York (1882-85), 22nd US President (1885-89), 24th US President (1893-97). [1] [5] [844.46]
- March 19
- Birth of Robert Daniel Johnston; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1919). [1]
- March 24
- Birth of Philips, Count of Flanders, in Belgium. [1]
- March 31
- Birth of Robert Ross McBurney; first paid secretary of the YMCA. [1]
- Birth of Stephen Dodson Ramseur; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1864). [1]
- April 3
- Birth of John Burroughs; writer/nature enthusiast (Burroughs Medal namesake). [1]
- April 5
- Birth of Algernon Charles Swinburne in England; poet (Atalanta in Calydon). [1]
- April 11
- Birth of Ephraim Elmer Ellsworth; US Colonel (Union Army) (dies 1861). [1]
- April 15
- Birth of Horace Porter; US Brevet Brigadier General (Union Army) (dies 1921). [1]
- April 17
- Birth of John Pierpont Morgan; US banker/CEO (US Steel). [1]
- April 21
- Birth of Fredrik Bajer in Denmark; politican/feminist/pacifist (Nobel Prize 1908). [1]
- April 24
- Birth of Friedrich von Holstein; German diplomat (die graue Eminenz). [1]
- May 2
- Birth of General Henry Martyn Robert; parliamentarian (Robert's Rules of Order). [1]
- May 9
- Birth of Adam Opel; German manufacturer (cycling, motorcars). [1]
- May 10
- Birth of Pinckney B S Pinchback; Lieutenant Governor (Louisiana). [1]
- May 23
- Birth of James Sanks Brisbin; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1892). [1]
- May 27
- Birth of Robert Frederick Hoke; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1912). [1]
- May 29
- Birth of Alexander F de Savornin Lohmann; Dutch minister/party leader (CHU). [1]
- May 31
- Birth of Ernest Daudet; French writer (White Terror). [1]
- Birth of Stephen Dodson Ramseur; Major General (Confederate Army) (dies 1864). [1]
- Birth of William Henry Fitzhugh "Rooney" Lee; Major General (Confederate Army). [1]
- June 22
- Birth of Paul Morphy in New Orleans, USA; greatest chess player of all time (1857-61). [1]
- June 30
- Birth of Stephen D Ramseur; youngest West Pointer to be Major General. [1]
- August 11
- Birth of Sadi Carnot; engineer, French president (1887-94); assassinated. [1]
- September 19
- Birth of James W. Hyatt; US Treasurer. [549.72]
- November 23
- Birth of Javan der Waals Holland; physicist (Continuity of Liquid and Gaseous States). [1]
- December 2
- Birth of Charles Garrison Harker; US Brigadier-General (Union volunteers) (dies 1864). [1]
- December 9
- Birth of Charles Èmile Waldteufel in Strasbourg, France; waltz composer (Skaters). [1]
- December 14
- Birth of William Wells; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1892). [1]
- December 18
- Birth of A Adolf Daens; Belgian priest/Dutch party founder (CVP). [1]
- December 19
- Birth of John Carpenter Carter; Brigadier-General (Confederate Army) (dies 1864). [1]
- December 24
- Birth of Sissi; Emperor of Austria. [1]
- December 26
- Birth of George Dewey; admiral, American naval hero of Manila. [1]
1838
- January 1
- Birth of William Hugh Young; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1901). [1]
- January 4
- Birth of Charles Stratton AKA General Tom Thumb; famous short person. [1]
- January 6
- Birth of Max Bruch in Cologne, Germany; violin virtuoso and composer: Scherz, List und Rache (1858), Odysseus (1872). [1] [37]
- January 16
- Birth of Franz Brentano in Marienberg, Germany; professor of philosophy and theology; priest of the Roman Catholic Church. [37]
- February 6
- Birth of Henry Irving AKA John H Brodribb in England; knighted 1895/actor (Hamlet). [1]
- February 12
- Birth of Charles Carroll Walcott; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1898). [1]
- February 14
- Birth of Margaret Knight; inventor, "the female Thomas Edison". [1]
- February 16
- Birth of Henry Adams in Boston, Massachusetts, USA; US historian, writer (Education of Henry Adams). [1]
- February 20
- Birth of James Barbour Terrill; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1864). [1]
- February 22
- Birth of Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen; discoverer of hydrogen in Sun. [1]
- February 23
- Birth of Gilbert Moxley Sorrel; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1901). [1]
- February 24
- Birth of Thomas Benton Smith; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1923). [1]
- March 3
- Birth of George W Hill; US astronomer (Moon orbit). [1]
- March 12
- Birth of William Perkin; inventor (first artificial dye). [1]
- March 15
- Birth of Alice Cunningham Fletcher; ethnologist/author/Indian music (Stranger in Her Native Land). [1]
- March 18
- Birth of Randal Cremer in Great Britain; trade unionist, pacifist (Nobel Prize 1903). [1]
- April 3
- Birth of Léon Michel Gambetta; French attorney/premier (1881-82). [1]
- April 21
- Birth of John Muir; US naturalist (discovered glaciers in High Sierras). [1]
- Birth of Nat Thompson; cricket player (first batsman dismissed in a Test match). [1]
- April 28
- Birth of Tobias M Carel Asser in Holland; advocate of world law (Nobel Peace Prize 1911). [1]
- May 10
- Birth of James, first Viscount Bryce, historian/statesman. [1]
- Birth of John Wilkes Booth; suspected assassin of US President Abraham Lincoln. [1]
- May 28
- Birth of Basil Wilson in Duke, Kentucky, USA; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1916). [1]
- May 31
- Birth of Henry Sidgwick; English philosopher (Wife at University). [1]
- June 27
- Birth of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee; Bengali novelist (Anandamath). [1]
- July 8
- Birth of Count Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin; invented rigid dirigibles. [1]
- July 11
- Birth of John Wanamaker; merchant (Wanamakers Department Store). [1]
- July 20
- Birth of John August Daly in Plymouth, North Carolina, USA; actor, playwright (Under the Gaslight play (1867), Pique play (1875)), manager (New York's Fifth Avenue Theatre, Grand Opera House), director, recipient of the University of Notre Dame's Laetare Medal. [1632.59]
- September 2
- Birth of Queen Lydia Kamekeha Liliuokalani; last queen of Hawaii (1891-93). [1]
- September 16
- Birth of James J Hill; Canadian railroad entrepreneur (Great Northern Railroad). [1]
- September 23
- Birth of Victoria Chaflin in Woodhull, Ohio, USA; feminist/reformer/free love/first female presidential candidate. [1]
- September 29
- Birth of Henry Hobson Richardson; US Romanesque revival architect. [1]
- October 25
- Birth of Georges Bizet in France; composer (Carmen). [1]
- November 13
- Birth of Joseph F Smith; 6th President of Mormon church. [1]
- December 3
- Birth of Cleveland Abbe; US meteorologist (Father of the Weather Bureau). [1]
- December 11
- Birth of Emil Rathenau; German industrialist (AEG). [1]
- December 12
- Birth of Sherburne W Burnham; US astronomer (binary stars). [1]
- December 31
- Birth of Emile Loubet; premier/President of France (1892, 1899-1906). [1]
1839
- January 1
- Birth of Maria Louise Ramé "Ouida" Bury St. Edmunds in Suffolk, England; screenwriter (A Dog of Flanders, The Little Dutch Girl). [1]
- January 4
- Birth of Karl Humann in Steele, Germany; archaeologist, excavated ancient Greek cities. [37]
- January 19
- Birth of Paul Cézanne in France; impressionist painter (Bathers). [1]
- January 25
- Birth of Seldon Connor; US Brigadier General (Union volunteers) (dies 1917). [1]
- February 1
- Birth of James A Herne [J Aherne]; US playwright (Hearts of Oak). [1]
- February 7
- Birth of Nicolaas G Pierson; Dutch banker/Suriname premier (1897-1901). [1]
- March 8
- Birth of James Mason Crafts; US chemist (Friedel-Crafts-synthesis). [1]
- March 9
- Birth of Felix Huston Robertson; Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (dies 1928). [1]
- March 16
- Birth of René François Armand Prudhomme AKA Sully Prudhomme in Paris, France; poet, first Nobel winner (1901). [1]
- March 17
- Birth of Josef Rheinberger in Vaduz, Liechtenstein; opera composer (Munich Conservatory). [1]
- March 18
- Birth of Francis Fessenden; US Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1906). [1]
- March 21
- Birth of Modest Mussorgsky; composer (Boris Gudunov, Night on Bald Mountain). [1]
- March 31
- Birth of Nikolay Przhevalsky; naturalist, explorer of east central Asia. [1]
- April 5
- Birth of Robert Smalls in Beaufort, South Carolina, USA; congressman 1875-87 (Representative-South Carolina). [1]
- April 18
- Birth of Henry Clarence Kendall in New South Wales, Australia; poet (Bell Birds). [1]
- April 20
- Birth of Carol I, King of Romania (1881-1914). [1]
- April 26
- Birth of Cyrus Hamblin; US Brevet Major General (Union volunteers) (dies 1867). [1]
- May 1
- Birth of Chardonnet; inventor (rayon). [1]
- May 8
- Birth of Francis W Warre-Cornish; English vice-provost of Eton/writer. [1]
- May 27
- Birth of Luigi Capuana; Sicilian author/critic (Roccaverdina). [1]
- May 29
- Birth of Ned Gregory; cricket player (brother of Dave, father of Syd Played first Test). [1]
- June 24
- Birth of Gustavus Franklin Swift; founded Swift and Co. [1]
- July 8
- Birth of John D Rockefeller; American capitalist, founded Standard Oil. [1]
- August 4
- Birth of Walter Pater in London, England; writer (Plato and Platoism). [1]
- September 2
- Birth of Henry George; land reformer/writer (Progress and Poverty). [1]
- September 10
- Birth of Isaac Kauffman Funk; US publisher (Funk and Wagnalls). [1]
- September 28
- Birth of Frances Willard; founded Women's Christian Temperance Union. [1]
- December 5
- Birth of George Armstrong Custer; US Major General (Union volunteers, of Little Big Horn fame) (dies 1876). [1]
- December 7
- Birth of Redvers H Buller; English general/large landowner: Natal. [1]
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