Chronology of Notable Births

Copyright © 2008-2024 Ken Polsson
internet e-mail: ken@kpolsson.com
All rights reserved. Permission is granted to create web links
to this site, not to copy these pages to other web sites.
URL: http://kpolsson.com/birth/

References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2023 December 20.


1967

May 1
  • Birth of Bill Schultz; NFL/WLAF offensive tackle (Denver Broncos, Scottish Claymores). [1]
  • Birth of Marvcus Patton; NFL linebacker (Washington Redskins). [1]
  • Birth of Scott Coffey in Hawaii; actor (Satisfaction, Shout). [1]
  • Birth of Yael Arad in Israel; Women's half middleweight judoka (Olympics-1996). [1]
May 2
  • Birth of Kerryn McCann; Australian marathon runner (Olympics-1996). [1]
May 4
  • Birth of Derek MacCready; Canadian Football League defensive tackle (Edmonton Eskimos). [1]
  • Birth of John Child in East York, Ontario, USA; beach volleyball player (Olympics-bronze-1996). [1]
  • Birth of Matthew Crane in Kimberton, Pennsylvania, USA; actor (Matt Cory - Another World). [1]
  • Birth of Ana Gasteyer; comedian (Saturday Night Live TV show). [457]
May 5
  • Birth of Brad Baxter; NFL fullback (New York Jets). [1]
  • Birth of Charles Nagy in Fairfield, Connecticut, USA; pitcher (Cleveland Indians). [1]
May 6
  • Birth of Patrick F Manning Junior in Poughkeepsie, New York, USA; rower (Olympics-1992). [1]
May 11
  • Birth of Eric Young in New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; infielder (Colorado Rockies). [1]
  • Birth of Jamie Brayshaw; cricket player (son of Ian; Western Australia and South Africa right-handed batsman). [1]
  • Birth of Kenneth Gould in Chicago, Illinois, USA; welterweight boxer (Olympics-bronze-1988). [1]
May 12
  • Birth of Cara Coughenour in Sioux City, Iowa, USA; female pitcher (Colorado Silver Bullets). [1]

    vvv advertisement vvv

    ^^^ advertisement ^^^
  • Birth of Lawrence Rucchin; hockey defenseman (Team Italy 1998). [1]
  • Birth of Robert Blackmon; defensive back (Indianapolis Colts, Seattle Seahawks). [1]
  • Birth of Warren Rychel in Tecumseh, Ontario, Canada; NHL left wing (Colorado Avalanche). [1]
May 14
  • Birth of Natasha Elaine Kaiser-Brown in Des Moines, Iowa, USA; 400 metre runner. [1]
  • Birth of Shaun Creighton; Australian distance runner (Olympics-1996). [1]
  • Birth of Tony Siragusa; NFL defensive tackle (Indianapolis Colts, Baltimore Ravens). [1]
  • Birth of Valeria Marini in Rome, Italy; sports commentator (Italian Soccer). [1]
May 15
  • Birth of John Smoltz in Detroit, Michigan, USA; pitcher (Atlanta Braves, 1996 Cy Young). [1] [5]
  • Birth of Omar Vizquel in Caracas, Venezuela; shortstop (Seattle Mariners, Cleveland Indians). [1]
May 16
  • Birth of Brian F. O'Byrne; actor (Oz, Alexander Hamilton). [457]
May 17
  • Birth of Cameron Bancroft; actor (Beverly Hills 90210). [1]
  • Birth of Debbie Dutch in Titusville, New Jersey, USA; actress (Hell's Paradox). [1]
May 18
  • Birth of Jaime Gomez in Arlington, Texas, USA; Nike golfer (1992 Boise Open). [1]
  • Birth of Karl Dunbar; NFL defensive tackle (Arizona Cardinals). [1]
May 19
  • Birth of John Friesz; NFL quarterback (Seattle Seahawks). [1]
  • Birth of Turk Wendell in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, USA; pitcher (Chicago Cubs). [1]
May 20
  • Birth of Beate Reinstadler in Stuttgart, Germany; tennis star (1989 Futures Israel). [1]
May 21
  • Birth of Cindy Haley in Tyler, Texas, USA; LPGA golfer (1987 Texas Amateur-second). [1]
  • Birth of Rogel Nachum in Israel; Men's triple jump (Olympics-1996). [1]
  • Birth of Todd Doohan in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Tour golfer (Western Ontario Amateur-1992). [1]
  • Birth of Tracy Simien; NFL linebacker (Kansas City Chiefs). [1]
May 23
  • Birth of Craig John Monk in Auckland, New Zealand; finn class yachter (Olympics-1996). [1]
May 24
  • Birth of Eric Close; actor (Without A Trace, Taken, Dark Skies). [457]
  • Birth of Margaret Crowley; Australian 800 metre/1500 metre runner (Olympics-1996). [1]
  • Birth of Steve McDonald; rocker (Redd Kross). [1]
May 25
  • Birth of Danny Gonzales; jockey. [1]
  • Birth of Juan Jimenez; WLAF quarterback/receivers coach (Barcelona Dragons). [1]
  • Birth of Luc Nilis; Belgian soccer player (RSC Anderlecht/PSV). [1]
  • Birth of Ruthie Bolton in McClain, Mississippi, USA; basketball guard (Olympics-gold-1996). [1]
May 26
  • Birth of Igor Zemlyanoy; hockey defenseman (Team Kazakhstan Olympics-1998). [1]
  • Birth of Jean Bartholomew in Queens, New York, USA; LPGA golfer (1989 Duke University Champion). [1]
May 27
  • Birth of Chin Yang; jockey. [1]
  • Birth of Doug West; NBA guard (Minnesota Timberwolves). [1]
  • Birth of George McCloud; NBA forward/guard (Dallas Mavericks, Phoenix Suns). [1]
  • Birth of Paul Gascoigne; soccer player. [1]
  • Birth of Alice Ruth Bolton in Lucedale, Mississippi, USA; WNBA guard (Sacramento Monarchs/Olympics-gold-1996). [1]
May 28
  • Birth of Glen Rice; NBA guard/forward (Charlotte Hornets). [1]
  • Birth of Kari Wuhrer in Brookfield, Connecticut, USA; actress (Remote Control, Beverly Hills 90210, Out Of Sync). [1]
  • Birth of Tory Epps; NFL defensive tackle (New Orleans Saints). [1]
May 29
  • Birth of Bill Risley in Chicago, Illinois, USA; pitcher (Toronto Blue Jays). [1]
  • Birth of Karina Orum in Denmark; golfer (Scandinavian champion 1989). [1]
  • Birth of Mike Keane in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; NHL right wing (Colorado Avalanche). [1]
  • Birth of Ray Bernard; Canadian Football League linebacker (Montreal Alouettes). [1]
May 30
  • Birth of Benoît Gauthier in Saint Jerome, Québec, Canada; canoeist (Olympics-1996). [1]
  • Birth of Rechelle Hawkes in Albany, West Australia; field hockey midfielder (Olympics-1996). [1]
May 31
  • Birth of Kenny Lofton in East Chicago, Illinois, USA; outfielder (Cleveland Indians). [1]
  • Birth of Sandrine Bonnaire in Clermont, France; actress (Vagabond, Police). [1]
June 5
  • Birth of Ron Livingston; actor (The Practice, Band of Brothers). [457]
June 6
  • Birth of Max Casella; actor (Vinnie - Doogie Howser). [1]
June 8
  • Birth of Neil Mitchell; rocker (Wet, Wet, Wet - "Wishing I Was"). [1]
June 9
  • Birth of Dean Felber; bassist (Hootie and the Blowfish). [457]
  • Birth of Dean Dinning; bassist (Toad the Wet Sprocket). [457]
June 10
  • Birth of Human Beatbox (Darren Robinson); rocker (Fat Boys - "Jail House Rock"). [1]
  • Birth of Emma Anderson; guitarist (Lush). [457]
  • Birth of Brian Hofeldt; country guitarist (The Derailers). [457]
June 11
  • Birth of Clare Carey; actress (Kelly Fox Rosebrock - Coach). [1]
June 20
  • Birth of Nicole Kidman; actress (Five Mile Creek, Bangkok Hilton). [5] [457]
  • Birth of Joseph William Cathcart; rock guitarist (Nelson - "Love and Affection"). [1]
  • Birth of Murphy Karges; musician (Sugar Ray). [457]
June 21
  • Birth of Tim Simenson; rocker (Bomb the Bass). [1]
June 24
  • Birth of Sherry Stringfield; actress (ER TV show, NYPD Blue TV show). [457]
June 28
  • Birth of Gil Bellows in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; actor (Ally McBeal). [457]
June 29
  • Birth of Melora Hardin in Houston, Texas, USA; actress (Family Tree, Best Times, The Office). [1] [457]
July 1
  • Birth of Pamela Anderson in Ladysmith, British Columbia, Canada; model, actress (Home Improvement). [1] [5]
July 7
  • Birth of Jason R Rich in Irvington, New York, USA; writer (Celebrity Teen Talk). [1]
July 16
  • Birth of Will Ferrell; actor (Saturday Night Live). [457]
July 17
  • Birth of Stokley; rhythm and blues singer (Mint Condition). [457]
July 20
  • Birth of Reed Diamond; actor (Judging Amy, Homicide: Life on the Street). [457]
July 22
  • Birth of Pat Badger; heavy metal bassist (Extreme - "More Than Words"). [1]
  • Birth of Irene Bedard; actress (Into the West). [457]
July 23
  • Birth of Philip Seymour Hoffman; actor (Empire Falls, Liberty! The American Revolution). [457]
July 25
  • Birth of Matt LeBlanc; actor (Joey, Friends). [5] [457]
July 27
  • Birth of Sasha Mitchell in Los Angeles, California, USA; actor (Spike of Bensonhurst). [1]
July 28
  • Birth of Lori Loughlin in New York, USA; actress (Summerland, Full House, Edge of Night, New Kids, Secret Admirer). [1] [457]
August 2
  • Birth of Aaron Krickstein in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; tennis player (Tel Aviv 1983). [1]
  • Birth of Derek Wells in Los Angeles, California, USA; actor (Fitzpatricks). [1]
August 3
  • Birth of John Femia in Brooklyn, New York, USA; actor (Square Pegs, Hello Larry). [1]
August 7
  • Birth of Charlotte Lewis in Kensington, London, England; actress (Golden Child, Pirates). [1]
August 8
  • Birth of Lorraine Pearson; rocker (5 Star - "Silk and Steel"). [1]
August 10
  • Birth of Lorraine Pearson; Singer (Five Star). [457]
August 13
  • Birth of Quinn Cummings in Los Angeles, California, USA; actress (Annie - Family, Goodbye Girl). [1]
August 15
  • Birth of F DeLorme Roche Junior in Roanoke, Virginia, USA; bartender extrodinaire (Guru of life, love and Libation). [1]
  • Birth of Peter Hermann; actor (Law and Order: Special Victims Unit). [457]
August 18
  • Birth of Blas Elias Gomez in Kennedy, Texas, USA; rock drummer (Slaughter - "Stick it Live"). [1]
  • Birth of Tracy Tracy; rocker (Primitives - "Lovely, Lump of Coal"). [1]
August 21
  • Birth of Michael Bendetti, actor (Officer Tony McCann - 21 Jump Street). [1]
  • Birth of Serj Tankian; singer (System Of A Down). [457]
August 23
  • Birth of Nancy Jane Cox in Campbellsville, Kentucky, USA; Miss Kentucky-America-1991. [1]
August 25
  • Birth of Jeff Tweedy; singer (Wilco). [457]
September 5
  • Birth of Michele Ebadi in Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Miss Nebraska-America (1991). [1]
September 11
  • Birth of Kendra Lee Ruwe in Madison, Idaho, USA; Miss Idaho-America (1991). [1]
September 13
  • Birth of Steve Perkins; drummer (Porno for Pyros, Jane's Addiction. [457]
  • Birth of Louis Mandylor; actor (Relic Hunter, My Big Fat Greek Life). [457]
September 15
  • Birth of Jerry Dixon; heavy metal bassist (Warrant - "Cherry Pie"). [1]
September 20
  • Birth of Gunnar Nelson; rock singer (Nelsons - "Love and Affection"). [1]
  • Birth of Matthew Nelson; rock singer (Nelsons - "Love and Affection"). [1]
September 23
  • Birth of Harry Connick Junior; singer ("We Are in Love"). [1] (September 11 [5])
September 25
  • Birth of Lezlie Lund in Tolna, North Dakota, USA; Miss North Dakota-America (1991). [1]
September 26
  • Birth of Martha Nix in Orange County, California, USA; actress (Serena - The Waltons). [1]
September 28
  • Birth of Moon Unit Zappa, daughter of Frank Zappa; rocker ("Valley Girl"). [1] [5]
October 4
  • Birth of Liev Schreiber; actor (CSI, American Masters). [457]
October 9
  • Birth of Carling Bassett-Seguso in Canada; tennis player/actress (Spring Fever). [1]
October 10
  • Birth of Mike Malinin; rock musician (Goo Goo Dolls). [457]
October 14
  • Birth of Arleen Sorkin; actress (Days of Our Lives, America's Funniest Videos). [1]
October 20
  • Birth of Susan Tulley; British actress (Michelle - EastEnders). [1]
  • Birth of Doug Eldridge; Rock musician (Oleander). [457]
October 25
  • Birth of Julia Roberts in Smyma, Georgia, USA; actress (Mystic Pizza, Pretty Woman). [1]
November 2
  • Birth of Alvin Chea; thythm-and-blues singer (Take 6). [457]
  • Birth of Darla Michele Pruett in Canton, Georgia, USA; Miss Georgia-America (1991). [1]
November 6
  • Birth of Jana McCoy in Portales, New Mexico, USA; Miss New Mexico-America (1991). [1]
  • Birth of Rebecca Schaeffer in Eugene, Oregon, USA; actress (Patti - My Sister Sam). [1]
November 8
  • Birth of Courtney Thorne-Smith; actress (Day by Day, Lucas, Summer School). [1]
  • Birth of Kim Dugger in Wichita, Kansas, USA; Miss Kansas-America (1991). [1]
November 12
  • Birth of Charlie Pennaelino in Queens, New York, USA; rocker (Linear - "I Never Felt This Way"). [1]
November 14
  • Birth of Letitia Dean; actress (Sharon Watts - EastEnders). [1]
November 16
  • Birth of Lisa Bonet in San Francisco, California, USA; actress (Cosby Show, Different World, Angel Heart). [1] [5]
November 17
  • Birth of Ben Wilson; rock musician (Blues Traveler). [457]
  • Birth of Ronald DaVoe; rocker (New Edition - "Heart Break", Bell Biv DeVoe). [1] [457]
November 20
  • Birth of Jeff Cotler in Long Beach, California, USA; actor (Brian - Struck by Lightning). [1]
November 22
  • Birth of Boris Becker in Leimen, Federal Republic of Germany; tennis player (Wimbledon men's singles 1985, 1986, 1989). [1] [37]
November 25
  • Birth of Curtis Baldwin in Los Angeles, California, USA; actor (Calvin - 227). [1]
December 1
  • Birth of Nestor Carbonell in New York City, New York, USA; actor (Luis - Suddenly Susan). [1]
  • Birth of Reggie Sanders in Florence, South Carolina, USA; outfielder (Cincinnati Reds). [1]
December 2
  • Birth of Naeem Akhtar Rawalpindi; cricket medium-pacer (10-28 versus Peshawar 1995). [1]
December 3
  • Birth of Greg Sutton; NBA guard (Philadelphia 76ers). [1]
  • Birth of Katie Henderson in Santa Monica, California, USA; WPVA volleyball (US Open-25th-1993). [1]
December 4
  • Birth of Klaus Wilmsmeyer; NFL punter (New Orleans Saints). [1]
  • Birth of Martha O'Kelley; US softball infielder (Olympics-gold-1996). [1]
December 5
  • Birth of Ann Schirman in San Diego, California, USA; WPVA volleyball player (National-17th-1994). [1]
December 6
  • Birth of Kevin Appier in Lancaster, California, USA; pitcher (Kansas City Royals). [1]
  • Birth of Spanky Marcus in Hollywood, California, USA; actor (Jimmy Joe - Mary Hartman). [1]
December 7
  • Birth of Tino Martinez in Tampa, Florida, USA; first baseman (Seattle Mariners, New York Yankees). [1] [5]
  • Birth of Vaclav Chalupa in Czechoslovakia; rower (Henley Royal Regatta 1989). [1]
December 8
  • Birth of Jeff George; NFL quarterback (Atlanta Falcons, Oakland Raiders). [1]
  • Birth of Ron George; linebacker (Minnesota Vikings). [1]
  • Birth of Tony Mayberry; NFL center (Tampa Bay Buccaneers). [1]
December 9
  • Birth of Cathy Mockett in Newport Beach, California, USA; LPGA golfer (1995 Youngstown-7th). [1]
  • Birth of Ray Agnew; NFL nose tackle (Carolina Panthers, New York Giants). [1]
December 11
  • Birth of Davidson Matyczuk in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; golfer (Thunder Bay-1986, 1987). [1]
  • Birth of Katy Steding in Lake Oswego, Oregon, USA; basketball forward (Olympics-gold-1996). [1]
  • Birth of Richard Stemp; cricket player (Yorkshire and England A left-arm spinner). [1]
December 12
  • Birth of David Szott; NFL guard (Kansas City Chiefs). [1]
  • Birth of John Randle; NFL defensive tackle (Minnesota Vikings). [1]
  • Birth of Masood Anwar; cricket player (one Test Pakistan versus West Indies 1990). [1]
December 13
  • Birth of Chris O'Loughlin in Los Angeles, California, USA; fencer (Olympics-1996). [1]
  • Birth of Jamie Foxx; comedian (In Living Color). [1]
  • Birth of Jenn Thompson in New York City, New York, USA; actor (Dee - Harper Valley PTA). [1]
  • Birth of Mike Mordecai in Birmingham, Alabama, USA; infielder (Atlanta Braves). [1]
  • Birth of Scott Zolak; NFL quarterback (New England Patriots). [1]
December 14
  • Birth of Ali Wood in Long Beach, California, USA; WPVA volleyball player (US Open-13th-1995). [1]
  • Birth of Eldridge Recasner; NBA guard (Atlanta Hawks, Houston Rockets). [1]
  • Birth of Noelle Beck in Baltimore, Maryland, USA; actress (Trisha - Loving, Fletch Lives). [1]
December 15
  • Birth of Chris Gioskos; Canadian Football League tackle (Toronto Argonauts). [1]
  • Birth of Christine Larsen in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; synchronized swimmer (Olympics-silver-1996). [1]
  • Birth of Frank Hartley; NFL tight end (Cleveland Browns, San Diego Chargers). [1]
  • Birth of Keith Askins; NBA guard/forward (Miami Heat). [1]
  • Birth of Missouri Vaughn in Norwalk, Connecticut, USA; infielder (Boston Red Sox, Most Valuable Player-1995). [1]
December 16
  • Birth of Donovan Bailey in Manchester, Jamaica; Canada 100-metre runner (Olympics-2 gold-1996). [1]
December 17
  • Birth of Alan Nolet in Toronto, Ontario, Canada; gymnast (Olympics-1996). [1]
  • Birth of Pauline Maurice in Welland, Ontario, Canada; softball outfielder (Olympics-1996). [1]
  • Birth of Vincent Damphousse in Montréal, Quebec, Canada; NHL center (Montreal Canadiens). [1]
December 18
  • Birth of Bob Corkum in Salisbury, Massachusetts, USA; NHL center (Philadelphia Flyers). [1]
  • Birth of Charles Christopher Rymer in Cleveland, Tennessee, USA; PGA golfer (1995 Shell-3rd). [1]
  • Birth of Dan McGwire; NFL quarterback (Miami Dolphins). [1]
  • Birth of Tracy Hayworth; NFL linebacker (Detroit Lions, Atlanta Falcons). [1]
December 19
  • Birth of Doug Johns in South Bend, Indiana, USA; pitcher (Oakland Athletics). [1]
December 20
  • Birth of Duncan Kennedy in Burlington, California, USA; luger (Olympics-1994). [1]
December 21
  • Birth of Ervin Johnson; NBA center (Seattle Supersonics, Milwaukee Bucks). [1]
  • Birth of Kristi Cooke in Marion, Ohio, USA; Miss Ohio-America (1991). [1]
  • Birth of Terry Mills; NBA forward (Miami Heat, Detroit Pistons). [1]
December 22
  • Birth of Mike Sullivan; NFL center (Tampa Bay Buccaneers). [1]
  • Birth of Roland Holder; cricket player (West Indian batsman in ODI's 1993-). [1]
  • Birth of Sean Foster; WLAF wide receiver (Rhein Fire). [1]
December 23
  • Birth of Lamar Lathon; NFL linebacker (Carolina Panthers). [1]
December 25
  • Birth of Kathleen Franey in Brooklyn, New York, USA; 1.5km runner. [1]
December 26
  • Birth of J; guitarist (White Zombie). [457]
  • Birth of Tony Covington; NFL safety (Seattle Seahawks). [1]
December 27
  • Birth of Niels Meijer; Dutch rock keyboardist (Bob Color). [1]
December 28
  • Birth of Paul Lynch in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; canoeist (Olympics-1996). [1]
December 29
  • Birth of Henry Jones; NFL safety (Buffalo Bills). [1]
  • Birth of Jason Gould, son of Elliot Gould/Barbra Streisand, actor (Prince of Tides). [1]
  • Birth of Tony Tolbert; NFL defensive end (Dallas Cowboys). [1]
December 30
  • Birth of Colleen Miller in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; rower (Olympics-1996). [1]
December 31
  • Birth of Brad Daluiso; NFL place kicker (New York Giants). [1]

End of 1967. Next: 1968.

vvv advertisement vvv

^^^ advertisement ^^^

start-1399 1400-1499 1500-1549 1550-1599 1600-1619 1620-1649 1650-1679 1680-1699 1700-1719 1720-1729
1730-1739 1740-1749 1750-1759 1760-1769 1770-1779 1780-1789 1790-1799 1800-1804 1805-1809 1810-1814
1815-1819 1820-1821 1822-1824 1825-1829 1830-1831 1832-1834 1835-1839 1840-1844 1845-1849 1850-1854
1855-1857 1858-1859 1860-1861 1862-1864 1865-1866 1867-1869 1870-1871 1872-1874 1875-1876 1877-1879
1880-1881 1882 1883-1884 1885-1886 1887 1888 1889 1890-1891 1892 1893
1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903
1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913
1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923
1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933
1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943
1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953
1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983
1984 1985 1986-1987 1988-1989 1990-1992 1993-1994 1995-1999 2000-end


A list of references to all source material is available.


Last updated: 2023 December 20.
Copyright © 2008-2024 Ken Polsson (email: ken@kpolsson.com).
URL: http://kpolsson.com/birth/
Link to Ken P's home page.

vvv advertisement vvv

^^^ advertisement ^^^
History Timelines Postage Stamps Today in History
PCs Video Games Timeline Today
Amiga World Silly This Day
Apple Space Coins Sports
Commodore 64 Impacts Corvettes Disney
Processors Sports Cruise Ships USA
Corvettes Gambling Disney Music
World War II Weather Errors PC and Game
Sweden Earthquakes Novelties TV and Movies
A&W USA Births Finder Anniversaries
A&W Canada Deaths
Postage Stamps Dow Jones Coins Chevrolet Corvettes
Walt Disney Co. Television Timeline: Canada Timeline
Disneyland Cruise Ships Timeline: USA Racing Success
Walt Disney World Oak Island Timeline: World On Stamps
Disney Cruise Line Killing JFK Novelties Pop Culture
Canada coins On Stamps
USA coins Other
World coins Mug Shots(A&W)
Stuff For Sale

Privacy Policy

kpolsson.com does not collect or share personal information. I have better things to do. There are links to advertiser sites that are beyond my control, from which I may receive a placement fee or a sale commission. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.