- August 7
- Kepler's mother arrested for witchcraft. [1]
- September 6
- 102 passengers embark from Plymouth, England on the Mayflower ship to begin the journey to a new life in the New World. [1] [129] (September 5 [832.61])
- November 3
- Great Patent granted to Plymouth Colony. [1]
- November 11
- The Mayflower from England anchors off America at what is now Provincetown Harbor, Cape Cod. 41 male passengers sign the Mayflower Compact, agreeing to submit to a government chosen by common consent and to obey all laws made for the good of the colony. [1] [129]
- November 21
- Myles Standish leads a party of Pilgrims ashore (at Provincetown). [454.64]
- December 2
- English language newspaper "Namloos" begins publishing in Amsterdam. [1]
- December 21
- Pilgrim exploration party from the English ship Mayflower come ashore on the east coast of North America (modern-day Provincetown, Massachusetts). [1] [500.E2]
- December 23
- French huguenots declare war on King Louis XIII. [1]
- December 26
- Pilgrims on the English ship Mayflower come ashore at Plymouth Rock in North America (modern-day Plymouth, Massachusetts), to begin their new settlement, Plymouth Colony. [1] [5] [500.E2]
1621
- January 13
- Jan Pieterszoon Coen's fleet sets sail to Moluccas (from Jacarta). [1]
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- January 28
- Paulus V [Camillo Borghese], 233rd pope (1605-21), dies at age 68. [1]
- February 9
- Alexander Ludovisi is elected Pope Gregory XV. [1]
- February 15
- Michael Praetorius German composer (In Dulce Jubilo), dies at age 50. [1]
- February 17
- Miles Standish appointed first commander of Plymouth colony. [1]
- March 4
- Jacarta, Java renamed Batavia. [1]
- March 7
- John Pieterszoon Coen's troops land on Lontor, East Indies. [1]
- March 16
- Native American chief visits colony of Plymouth Massachusetts. [1]
- March 22
- Hugo de Grote escapes in bookcase from Loevenstein castle, Netherlands. [1]
- Massasoit and Pilgrims agree on league of friendship (Plymouth). [1]
- March 31
- Felipe III King of Spain (1598-1621), dies at age 42. [1]
- April 5
- The Mayflower and its crew leaves Plymouth to return to England. [1] [129]
- April 9
- Spain and Netherlands 12 Year Resistant Pact ends. [1]
- April 15
- Hugo the Great arrives in France. [1]
- May 3
- Francis Bacon accused of bribery. [1]
- May 15
- Henrick de Keyser Amsterdam's master builder, dies at age 56. [1]
- May 31
- Sir Francis Bacon thrown into Tower of London for one night. [1]
- June 3
- Dutch West India Company receives charter for "New Netherlands". [1]
- September 16
- After a six-week siege, Riga, Livonia, surrenders to Swedish forces. [7]
- December 3
- Galileo perfects the telescope. [1]
- December 13
- Emperor Ferdinand II delegates first anti-Reformation decree. [1]
- December 15
- Charles d'albert Duke of Luynes/Prime Minister of France, dies at age 43. [1]
- December 18
- English parliament accept unanimously, Protestation. [1]
- December 25
- Governor William Bradford of Plymouth forbids game playing on Christmas day. [1]
- December 30
- English king James I cracks Protestation of Parliament. [1]
- December 31
- Hungarian King Bethlen Gábor and Ferdinand II sign Treaty of Mikulov. [1]
1622
- January 1
- Papal Chancery adopts January 1 as beginning of the year (was March 25). [1]
- January 6
- Pope Gregory XV forms Congregatio the Propagande Fide. [1]
- January 7
- Germany and Transylvania sign Peace of Nikolsburg. [1]
- February 8
- King James I disbands the English parliament. [1]
- March 12
- Ignatius of Loyola declared a saint. [1]
- March 22
- First Indian (Powhattan) massacre of whites, in Jamestown, Virginia; 347 slain. [1] [658.27]
- May 15
- Peter Plancius Flemish vicar/cartographer, dies at about age 69. [1]
- May 20
- Osman II sultan of Turkey (1618-22), dies. [1]
- July 23
- Portuguese treasure ship Sao Jose sailing from Lisbon to Goa on the west coast of India sinks off the southeast coast of Africa. Aboard the ship were nine chests filled with tens of thousands of silver coins for the empire's trading posts in the Far East and India. [452.5]
- September 6
- Gold ship Nuestra Senora de Atocha treasure ship hits reef and sinks near Florida Keys. [501.44]
- December 28
- François de Sales French bishop of Genèva/writer/saint, dies at age 55. [1]
1623
- January 14
- Paolo Sarpi Italian church historian/politician, dies at age 70. [1]
- February 25
- Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria becomes monarch of Palts. [1]
- March 5
- First American temperance law enacted, Virginia. [1]
- April 29
- Eleven Dutch ships depart for the conquest of Peru. [1]
- June 14
- First breach-of-promise lawsuit: Rev Gerville Pooley, Va files against. [1]
- November 1
- Fire at Plymouth, Massachusetts destroys several buildings. [1]
- December 1
- Thomas Weelkes composer, dies at age 47. [1]
1624
- February 12
- English parliament comes together. [1]
- February 21
- Dirck van Baburen Dutch painter (Sepulture), dies at about age 28. [1]
- February 24
- Vicente Espinel Spanish adventure/chaplain (Marcos de Obrégon), dies at age 72. [1]
- March 10
- England declares war on Spain. [1]
- May 3
- Spanish silver fleet sails to Panamá. [1]
- May 7
- Admiral Hermites conquering fleet reaches Callao the Lima, Peru. [1]
- May 8
- Hung king Bethlen Gábor and emperor Ferdinand II sign Treaty of Vienna. [1]
- May 10
- Jacob Willekens and Piet Heyn conquer Salvador, Civil rights activist. [1]
- May 13
- Admiral Hermites fleet blockade Lima Peru. [1]
- December 24
- King Christian IV of Denmark establishes the Danish Postal Service. [983.23] [1135]
1625
- January 13
- Pieter Bruegel "the Older" (Bloemenbruegel), Flemish painter, dies. [1]
- March 27
- James I Stuart king of Scotland (1567)/England (1603-25), dies at age 58. [1]
- Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, ascends to throne. [1] [309.28]
- April 4
- Viceroy Frederik Henry marries Amalia countess von Solms-Braunfels. [1]
- April 7
- Albrecht von Wallenstein appointed German supreme commander. [1]
- April 23
- Maurice of Nassau Prince of Orange, dies at age 57. [1]
- May 1
- Portuguese and Spanish expedition recaptures Salvador (Bahia). [1]
- Prince Frederik Henry appointed viceroy of Holland. [1]
- May 11
- Boers besiege Frankenburg estate in Upper-Austria. [1]
- May 15
- Sixteen rebellious farmers hanged in Vöcklamarkt Upper-Austria. [1]
- May 18
- Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas Spanish marquis of Denia, dies. [1]
- September 13
- Rabbi Isiah Horowith and 15 other rabbis arrested in Jerusalem. [1]
- September 24
- Dutch attack San Juan, Puerto Rico. [1]
- December 9
- Netherlands and England sign military treaty. [1]
- Ubbo Emmius [van Embden] Frisian humanist/historian, dies at age 78. [1]
1626
- January 1
- Cornelis Pieterse Hoft Amsterdam merchant/regent, dies at age 68. [1]
- January 21
- John Dowland English musician/lyric poet (In Darkness We Dwell), dies at about age 63. [1]
- February 6
- Huguenot rebels and the French sign Peace of La Rochelle. [1]
- February 20
- John Dowland composer, dies. [1]
- February 28
- Cyril Tourneur English poet/dramatist, dies at about age 51. [1]
- April 9
- Francis Bacon Viscount Saint Albans, statesman, dies. [1]
- April 25
- Battle at the Dessauer bridge Monarch Albrecht von Wallenstein beats Earl of Mansfeld. [1]
- May 4
- Dutch colonist Peter Minuit purchases Manhattan from Indians for $24 worth of brass buttons and cloth. [1] [405.22]
- Peter Minuit becomes director-general of New Netherlands. [1]
- August 16
- Danish forces and allies are soundly defeated at Lutter-am-Barenberg near Wolfenbüttel, by an army of the Catholic League under Czech leader Wallenstein. [7]
- October 30
- Willebord van Roijen dutch mathematician, dies at age 35. [1]
- December 1
- Pasha Muhammad ibn Farukh tyrannical Governor of Jerusalem, driven out. [1]
- December 15
- Adriaen de Vries Dutch sculptor/painter, dies at about age 70. [1]
- December 20
- Emperor Ferdinand II/Transylvanian monarch Gábor Betlen signs Peace of Pressburg. [1]
1627
- January 31
- Spanish government goes bankrupt. [1]
- March 3
- Piet Heyn conquerors 22 ships in Bay of Salvador Brazil. [1]
- March 20
- France and Spain signs accord for fighting protestantism. [1]
- March 22
- Cornelis van Aerssen Flemish Clerk of the House, dies at about age 81. [1]
- May 23
- Luis de Góngora y Argote poet/writer, dies. [1]
- May 27
- Everhardus van Bronchorst lawyer, dies at age 73. [1]
- (month unknown)
- Denys Pétau (Dionysius Petavius) publishes book De doctrina temporum (On the Doctrine of Chronology), establishing common practice of usage of AD (anno Domini) and BC (before Christ) with 1 AD as central date in history. [697.54]
- July 4
- Thomas Middleton Elizabethan dramatist, dies (birth date unknown). [1]
- December 26
- Gonzaga Italian monarch of Mantua/Monferrato, dies. [1]
1628
- January 3
- Francesco Maria Guaitoli composer, dies at age 64. [1]
- February 14
- Coronation of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in Agra. [1443.27]
- March 6
- Emperor Ferdinand II delegates Restitutie-edict. [1]
- March 12
- John Bull thought to have composed British national anthem (God Save The King), dies. [1]
- March 19
- Massachusetts colony founded by Englishmen. [1]
- April 28
- King Kristian IV of Denmark signs a three year alliance with Sweden. Both powers agree to come to the defence of Stralsund if attacked. [7]
- June 9
- First deportation from what is now US, Thomas Morton from Massachusetts [1]
- August 10
- In Stockholm harbor (Sweden), the Royal warship Vasa makes its maiden voyage. The 1400-ton armed galleon carries 64 bronze cannon on two decks, and has three masts with 13,000 m2 of canvas sails. Off the island of Beckholmen, a crosswind pushes the ship to one side, allowing water to pour in the open gunports. The ship is unable to right itself, and it soon sinks in 110 feet of water. About 50 die. The ship cost about 100,000 riksdaler to build. (The ship is raised to the surface in 1961.) [7]
- September 6
- Puritans land at Salem, from Mass Bay Colony, witches soon to settle. [1]
1629
- January 19
- Abbas I Shah of Persia (1588-1629), dies at age 57. [1]
- January 27
- Hieronymus Praetorius composer, dies at age 68. [1]
- February 13
- Girolamo Giacobbi composer, dies at age 61. [1]
- March 2
- English King Charles I leaces house of commons. [1]
- March 10
- King Charles I dissolved Parliament; he called it back 11 years later. [1]
- March 14
- England granted a royal charter to Massachusetts Bay Colony. [1]
- March 16
- Emilia of Nassau daughter of Willem of Orange, dies at age 59. [1]
- March 24
- First game law passed in American colonies, by Virginia. [1]
- April 8
- Willem Teellinck Dutch theologist/vicar, dies at age 50. [1]
- April 14
- England and France sign Peace of Susa. [1]
- April 17
- First commercial fishery established. [1]
- May 3
- French huguenot leader duke De Rohan signs accord with Spain. [1]
- May 27
- The Peace of Lübeck is signed between Denmark and the Holy Roman Empire. [7]
- May 29
- Arnold Baert Flemish lawyer/member of Great Council, dies at about age 74. [1]
- June 4
- Dutch East India Company merchant ship Batavia strikes a reef in the Houtman Abrolhos, off the west coast of Australia. The ship was carrying 300 people and 12 chests of silver coins and treasure to Java. [1737.57]
- June 17
- Swedes battle Polish and Imperial troops at Honigfelde (Stuhm). Swedes are forced to retreat with heavy losses. King Gustav Adolf narrowly escapes capture. [7]
- July 10
- First non-Separatist Congregational Church in America founded (Salem, Massachusetts). [1]
- August 26
- Cambridge Agreement, Mass Bay Company stockholders agree to emigrate. [1]
- September 25
- Sweden and Poland sign a six-year truce at Altmark, near Danzig. Sweden retains control of Livonia and the mouth of the River Vistula. Poland regains other Swedish gains since the 1625 invasion. Sweden will receive all shipping tolls at ports of Poland and Prussia for the six years. [7]
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