- January 30
- The Lone Ranger premieres on ABC radio. [1]
- German President Paul von Hindenburg offers Chancellorship to Adolf Hitler, who accepts. [10]
- January 31
- French government of Edouard Daladier takes power. [1]
- Adolf Hitler promises parliamentary democracy in Germany. [1]
- February 1
- Dutch bishops forbid membership in non-catholic unions. [1]
- February 2
- Two days after becoming chancellor, Adolf Hitler dissolves German Parliament. [1]
- Adolf Hitler meets with a group of generals and admirals at the home of General von Hammerstein. He assures them they could begin a rearmament program, in defiance of the Versailles Treaty. [10]
- Göring bans communist meetings/demonstrations in Germany. [1]
- February 3
- German Chancellor Adolf Hitler tells his top generals of his determination to conquer land, to the east. [10]
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- German minister Göring bans social-democratic newspaper Vorwärts. [1]
- February 4
- Crew of Dutch ship Seven Provinces mutiny after pay cuts. [1]
- German President Paul von Hindenburg limits freedom of the press. [1]
- February 6
- -90 degrees F (-68 degrees C), Oymyakon, USSR (Asian record low). [1]
- Highest recorded sea wave (not tsunami), 34 metres (112 feet), in Pacific hurricane near Manila, Philippines. [1]
- German President Paul von Hindenburg and Franz von Papen end Prussian parliament. [1]
- February 7
- Colonial troops in Suriname kill two demonstrators. [1]
- Social-Democrat meeting in Berlin, Germany "As thousands cheer" Marxism is dead. [1]
- February 8
- First flight of all-metal Boeing 247. [1]
- February 10
- Adolf Hitler proclaims end of Marxism. [1]
- Mutiny on Dutch ship 7 Provinces ends (began February 4th), 23 killed. [1]
- February 12
- German vice-chancellor Franz von Papen demands Catholic aid for Nazis. [1]
- February 15
- Karl Radek praises invincible force of German communist party. [1]
- Social-democratic newspaper Vorwärts banned again in Berlin. [1]
- February 16
- Catholic newspaper Germania warns against Nazis/communists. [1]
- February 19
- Prussian minister Hermann Göring bans all Catholic newspapers. [1]
- February 20
- Curom, the Curaçaose Broadcast System, begins service, with Princess Juliana's speech. [1]
- February 22
- Hermann Göring forms SA/SS-police, shoots 40-50. [1]
- February 24
- Final demonstration of German communist party in Berlin. [1]
- League of Nations tells Japanese to pull out of Manchuria. [1]
- In Stratford, Texas, a bright fireball is seen in the sky, falling as a 4-pound metallic meteorite. [521]
- February 25
- First genuine aircraft carrier christened, USS Ranger. [1]
- February 27
- German parliament building, Reichstag, destroyed by fire (set by Nazis, blamed on communists). [1] [861.21]
- Jean Genet's "Intermezzo" premieres in Paris. [1]
- February 28
- German President Paul von Hindenburg abolishes free expression of opinion. [1]
- Adolf Hitler disallows German communist party (KPD). [1]
- March 1
- Bank holidays declared in six US states, to prevent run on banks. [1]
- March 2
- Most powerful earthquake in 180 years hits Japan. [1]
- March 3
- German Presidential candidate Earnest Thälmann (KPD) arrested. [1]
- March 4
- Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss dissolves Austrian parliament. [1]
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt is inaugurated as the 32nd president of the United States. [129] [434.60] [604.9]
- By the end of the day, banks in 32 of the 48 US states are closed. [434.60]
- March 5
- Germany's National Socialist Party wins majority in parliament (43.9 percent - 17.2 million votes). [1]
- March 6
- President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a 10-day "bank holiday," closing all U.S. banks and freezing all financial transactions. [410.84] [591.84] [639.58] [682.36] [706.70] (March 5 [5])
- US President Franklin Roosevelt issues Executive Order 6260, prohibiting further release of gold coins, forbidding private citizens holding gold coins or paper money redeemable in gold, ordering all to turn in gold coins and bullion. [604.9] [682.36] [1046.393]
- Poland occupies free city Danzig (Gdansk). [1]
- March 9
- Bulgarian communists Dimitrov, Popov and Vassili arrested in Berlin, Germany. [1]
- US Congress passes the Emergency Banking Act, authorizing the President to confiscate gold held by American citizens, except those coins of numismatic value, to be paid $20 in paper per ounce. [434.60] [591.84] [639.58] [682.36]
- The US is in a state of declared national emergency. [861.337]
- March 10
- Major earthquake in Long Beach, California, USA. [1]
- March 12
- U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt presents his first presidential address to the nation. CBS newsman Robert Trout calls it a "Fireside Chat". [129] [392.41] [457]
- March 13
- Josef Göbbels becomes German minister of Information and Propaganda. [1]
- March 14
- In the British House of Commons, Winston Churchill urges creation of an air force adequate to defend the civilian population. [10]
- March 15
- The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes with a record one-day percentage gain of 15.34 percent. [227]
- March 16
- Adolf Hitler names Hjalmar Shaft president of Bank of Germany. [1]
- March 20
- Dachau, first concentration camp, completed. [1]
- Giuseppe [Joe] Zangara electrocuted for assassination attempt on Franklin Roosevelt. [1]
- March 23
- Winston Churchill urges the British government not to press for French disarmament while Germany is busy rearming. [10]
- March 24
- The German Reichstag votes 441-94 to pass the Enabling Act, allowing national identity cards, racial profiling, creation of national homeland security chief, and gun confiscation. [1] [861.21]
- Peter I Island incorporated as a Norwegian dependency. [1]
- March 27
- Japan leaves League of Nations. [1]
- Polythene discovered by Reginald Gibson and Eric William Fawcett. [1]
- April 1
- Heinrich Himmler becomes Police Commander of Germany. [1]
- Germany begins persecution of Jews, boycotting Jewish businesses. [1]
- April 3
- First airplane flight over Mount Everest, by Lord Clydesdale. [1]
- April 4
- US dirigible Akron crashes off coast of New Jersey, 73 die. [1]
- April 5
- US President Franklin Roosevelt issues Executive Order 6102, requiring public to turn in gold certificates, bullion, and coins for placement in the Federal Reserve. [434.60] [485.38]
- April 7
- First two German anti-Jewish laws, bar Jews from legal and public service. [1]
- Jan Erik/Eric Jan Hanussen, Berlin astrologist/illusionist, murdered. [1]
- April 8
- Manchester Guardian warns of unknown Nazi terror. [1]
- April 11
- Hermann Göring becomes premier of Prussia. [1]
- April 19
- Franklin Roosevelt announces US will leave the gold standard. [1] [400.56]
- April 20
- US government suspends convertibility of paper money to gold, and forbids export, holding, and transactions in gold. [488.36] [619.22]
- April 22
- Dutch government forbids leftwing radio address. [1]
- April 26
- Jewish students are barred from school in Germany. [1]
- April 30
- Luis Sanchez Cerro, President of Peru, assassinated by Hurtado de Mendoza. [1]
- May 2
- Scottish newspaper Inverness Courier reports on a couple's claim to have seen "an enormous animal rolling and plunging on the surface" of Loch Ness. [129]
- In Germany, Adolf Hitler bans trade unions. [1]
- May 4
- Pulitzer prize awarded to Archibald Macleish (Conquistador). [1]
- May 6
- Italy and USSR sign trade agreement. [1]
- May 9
- Spanish anarchists call for general strike. [1]
- May 10
- Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF) forms. [1]
- Nazis stage public book burnings in Germany. [1]
- Paraguay declares war on Bolivia. [1]
- May 22
- US Congress declares all currency in circulation legal tender dollar for dollar as if it were gold. [407.60] [412.84] [826.36]
- Loch Ness Monster is first reportedly sighted by John Mackay. [1]
- World Trade Day/National Maritime Day first celebrated. [1]
- May 26
- Second emergency Dutch Government of Colijn forms. [1]
- May 27
- Austrian communist party banned. [1]
- (to November 12) The Century of Progress Exposition centennial fair is held in Chicago, Illinois. [1] [410.84] [447.99]
- June 3
- Pope Pius XI encyclical On oppression of the Church in Spain. [1]
- (month unknown)
- In Harbin, China, an ancient human skull is found. (In 2021, it will be determined to be over 146,000 years old, and named Homo longi.) [1617.18]
- July 12
- US Congress establishes the first minimum wage law at 33 cents per hour. [1] [418.44] [512.36]
- July 14
- Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Children is passed in Germany, allowing sterilization based on hereditary disease, and euthanasia of "life unworthy of life". (An estimated 400,000 are sterilized from 1934 to 1945.) [861.185]
- July 20
- A concordat is reached between Pope Pius XI and Nazi Germany, signed by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII), and Franz von Papen. [861.128]
- July 22
- Wiley Post completes first round-the-world solo flight. [1]
- August 11
- Temperature reaches 136 degrees F (58 degrees C) at San Luis Potosí, Mexico (world record). [1] [614.8]
- August
- Italian Lines' Rex crosses the Atlantic in record time: 4 days, 13 hours. [260.54]
- August 23
- First televised boxing match, between Archie Sexton and Laurie Raiteri in London, England, broadcast by the BBC's experimental TV service. [457]
- September 4
- J.R. Wendell flies first airplane to exceed 300 mph (483 kph), in Glenview, Illinois, USA. [1]
- September 12
- Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury, conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction. [5]
- September 30
- USSR launches SSSR balloon (with 860,000 cubic-foot capacity) with 3-man aluminum gondola; it reaches a record 60,695 feet (19 km), landing safely. [985.341]
- October 2
- Counter-revolution begins in Cuba. [806.127]
- October 10
- First synthetic detergent for home use marketed. [1]
- October 14
- Germany withdraws from the Disarmament Conference at Geneva, Switzerland. [10]
- October 17
- Albert Einstein arrives in the US, a refugee from Germany. [1]
- October 21
- German Chancellor Adolf Hitler withdraws Germany from the League of Nations. [10]
- November 8
- King Nadir, Shah of Afghanistan, assassinated by Abdul Khallig. [1]
- November 11
- "Great Black Blizzard" first great dust storm in the Great Plains of the USA. [1]
- November 12
- First known photo of Loch Ness monster (or whatever) is taken. [1]
- National-Socialists receive 92 percent of vote in Germany. [1]
- November 16
- US President Franklin Roosevelt establishes diplomatic relations with USSR. [1] [916.97]
- November 20
- In Akron, Ohio, USA, the balloon Century of Progress is launched, with 7-foot diameter gondola, balloon capacity 600,000 cubic feet, rising to a record 61,238 feet. [985.341]
- November 21
- First US ambassador to USSR, W.C. Bullitt, begins service. [1]
- November 25
- First Soviet liquid rocket attains altitude of 261 feet (80m). [1]
- December 1
- Rudolf Hess and Earnest Röhm become ministers in Adolf Hitler German government. [1]
- December 8
- Death of King Faisal of Iraq; his son King Ghazi becomes head of state. [1215.811]
- December 9
- Romania disallows fascist Iron Guard. [1]
- December 17
- Spain's second Government of Lerroux forms. [1]
- December 20
- Bolivia and Paraguay sign weapon cease fire. [1]
- December 21
- Newfoundland reverts to being a crown colony. [1]
- December 23
- Train crash in Eastern Paris; 230 die. [1]
- December 24
- Paris express train derails and kills 160, injures 300 (France). [1]
- December 26
- FM radio is patented. [5]
- US forswears armed intervention in the Western Hemisphere. [1]
- December 28
- US President Franklin Roosevelt orders private holders of gold certificates to deliver them to the US Treasurer. [767.52]
- December 29
- Joh Georghe Duca, premier of Romania, murdered. [1]
- December 30
- Government disallows NSB-membership for civil service. [1]
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