- February 5
- The United States and the United Kingdom sign a treaty for Panama Canal. [5]
- British troops under General Buller occupy Vaal Krantz, Natal. [1]
- February 6
- Battle at Vaalkrans, South Africa (Boers versus British army). [1]
- February 7
- British troops vacate Vaal Krantz, Natal. [1]
- Labour Party forms in England. [1]
- February 15
- British General French relieves Kimberley/Cecil Rhodes. [1]
- February 16
- First Chinese daily newspaper in US publishes first issue (Chung Sai Yat Po - San Francisco). [1]
- February 18
- Battle at Paardeberg, 1,270 British killed/injured. [1]
- February 19
- Tripartite Treaty between Great Britain, Germany, and USA is ratified. Britain gives up its right to the Samoan island chain in exchange for German concessions elsewhere. Germany gains sole control of the western portion, and the USA gains control of the eastern. [550.18]
- British troops occupy Hlangwane, Natal. [1]
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- February 22
- Battle at Wynne's Hill, South Africa (Boers versus British army). [1]
- February 23
- Battle at Hart's Hill, South Africa (Boers versus British army). [1]
- February 27
- Battle at Pietershoogte; Boer General Cronjé surrenders to English in Pardenberg, South Africa. [1]
- Conference in London calls for creation of a British labor party. [1]
- February 28
- General Buller's troops relieve Ladysmith, Natal. [1]
- March 1
- At Mulinu'u Point, Samoa, Dr. Wilhelm Solf declares the islands taken under protection of the German empire. [645.26]
- March 7
- Battle at Poplar Grove, South Africa; President Kruger flees. [1]
- March 8
- The Union Castle Steamship Co. Ltd. is registered in England, a merger of Castle Line and Union Line. [152.18]
- March 10
- Battle at Driefontein, South Africa (Boers versus British army). [1]
- March 12
- President Steyn of Orange-Free State flees from Bloemfontein. [1]
- March 13
- British troops occupy Bloemfontein, Orange-Free State. [1]
- March 14
- Hugo de Vries rediscovers Mendel's laws of genetics. [1]
- US Congress passes the Gold Standard Act, fixing gold value of dollar at 25.8 grains, 0.900 fine as standard unit of money of the US. [484.110] [606.38] [709.36] [786.28] [1093.585]
- March 16
- Sir Arthur Evans finds old city of Knossus. [1]
- March 30
- Dutch second Chamber accepts Compulsory education law. [1]
- March 31
- Brigadier-General Broadwoods' troops fall into guerrilla hands. [1]
- April 2
- First edition of The Volk ("The People") is published (Amsterdam, Netherlands). [1]
- April 4
- British garrison of Reddersberg surrenders to Boer General De Wet. [1]
- Attempted assassination of English Prince of Wales in Brussels, fails. [1]
- April 14
- French President Emile Loubet opens International Fairs in Paris, France. [1]
- April 15
- At the Paris Exposition, the first films with synchronized sound are shown before a paying audience. [55.69]
- A 50-mile race is won by an electric car in over two hours. [1]
- April 17
- Seven high chiefs of American Samoa sign Instrument of Cession. [1]
- April 23
- First known occurrence of word "hillbillie" (New York Journal). [1]
- May 1
- Premature blast collapses mine tunnel killing 200 at Scofield, Utah. [1]
- May 12
- Boer attack under Sarel Eloff, about 70 killed. [1]
- Lord Roberts' troops occupy Crown city. [1]
- May 17
- British troops relieve Mafeking (Cape Colony). [1]
- May 18
- Britain proclaims protectorate over kingdom of Tonga. [1]
- May 19
- Jim Butler discovers an outcrop of gold ore in the Nevada desert, setting off a gold rush. [495.36]
- Great Britain annexes the Tonga archipelago. [1]
- May 22
- Associated Press organizes in New York City as non-profit news cooperative. [1]
- Edwin S Votey patents pneumatic piano player. [1]
- May 26
- British troops under Ian Hamilton attack the Vaal in South Africa. [1]
- May 27
- Lord Roberts' army fights the Vaal in South Africa. [1]
- May 28
- Britain annexes Orange Free State (as Orange River Colony). [1]
- Solar eclipse occurs on Earth. [1]
- May 29
- Trademark "Escalator" registered by Otis Elevator Co. [1]
- May 31
- British troops under Lord Roberts occupy Johannesburg. [1]
- US troops arrive in Peking, China, to help put down Boxer Rebellion. [1]
- June 12
- German Navy Law calls for massive increase in sea power. [1]
- June 30
- Four German liners burn at Hobokon Docks, New Jersey, USA; 326 die. [1]
- July 2
- Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin launches first airship LZ-1 at Lake Constance in Germany. [1] [653.31]
- July 21
- Pope Leo XIII encyclical to the Greek-Melkite rite. [1]
- July 23
- Pan-African Congress meets in London, England. [1]
- July 28
- The hamburger is created by Louis Lassing in Connecticut, USA. [1]
- July 29
- Italian King Umberto I is assassinated by anarchist Gaetano Bresci. [1]
- King Vittorio Emanuele III ascends to the throne in Italy. [516.32] [619.15]
- August 3
- Firestone Tire & Rubber Company is founded. [5]
- August 14
- International forces including US Marines enter Beijing, China to put down Boxer Rebellion, which was aimed at ridding China of foreigners. [1]
- September 3
- British annex Natal (South Africa). [1]
- September 5
- France proclaims a protectorate over Chad. [1]
- September 8
- 6,000 killed when a hurricane and tidal wave destroy Galveston, Texas, most deadly in US history. [1]
- September 20
- Pope Leo XIII dissolves the Papal States. [408.109]
- October 7
- The term "orienteering" is first used for an event. [1]
- October 25
- England annexes Transvaal. [1]
- November 6
- US President William McKinley (Republican) re-elected, beating William Jennings Bryan. [1]
- December 7
- Max Planck discovers the law of black body emission in his house just outside Berlin, Germany. [5]
- December 13
- Battle at Nooitgedacht: Generals The la Rey/Smuts beat Britten. [1]
- December 16
- Boer army under General Kritzinger takes Cape colony. [1]
- December 17
- First prize of 100,000 francs offered for communications with extraterrestrials. Martians excluded - considered too easy. [1]
- December 20
- Giacobini discovers a comet (will be first comet visited by spacecraft). [1]
- December 29
- General Viljoen makes surprise attack on British garrison to Helvetia. [1]
1901
- January 1
- Australia declares independence from federation of United Kingdom colonies. [1] [501.135] [700.47A]
- January 10
- A drilling derrick at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont, Texas, produces a gusher of crude oil from at a depth of over 1,000 feet. [1] [129]
- January 18
- Pope Leo XIII publishes encyclical Graves De Communi Re. [1]
- January 22
- Britain's Queen Victoria (1837-1901), dies at age 81. [1]
- After 63 years England stops sale of Queen Victoria postage stamps series and begins King Edward VII series. [1]
- January 24
- Emily Hobhouse views Lord Kitchener's concentration camp at Bloemfontein. [1]
- January 31
- Boer General John Smuts and De la Rey conquer Mud river, Transvaal. [1]
- February 3
- Dutch troops under General Van Heutsz conquer Batu Ilië on Sumatra. [1]
- February 5
- Loop-the-loop centrifugal railroad (roller coaster) patented by Ed Prescot. [1]
- February 7
- Queen Wilhelmina marries Prince Heinrich von Mecklenburg-Schwerin. [1]
- February 11
- King Milan I of Serbia dies at age 56. [1]
- February 18
- H Cecil Booth patents a dust removing suction cleaner. [1]
- February 26
- Chi-hsui is beheaded during Boxer Rebellion in China. [1]
- March 4
- President William McKinley is inaugurated for a second term as President of the USA. [1]
- March 17
- Free thinking-Democratic Union forms in Netherlands. [1]
- March 25
- 55 die as Rock Island train derails near Marshalltown, Iowa, USA. [1]
- April 7
- SDAP demands general voting right/abolishing First Chamber in Netherlands. [1]
- April 29
- Anti-semitic riot in Budapest. [1]
- May 3
- Fire destroys 1,700 buildings in Jacksonville, Florida, USA. [1]
- May 9
- Australia opens its first parliament in Melbourne. [1] [501.107]
- May 23
- US captures leader of Philippine rebels, Emilio Aguinaldo. [1]
- May 24
- In Hamilton, Ontario, schoolteacher Clementina Fessenden originates a public holiday called Victoria Day to honour the British Empire by celebrating the Queen's birthday. [457]
- June 11
- Cook Islands are annexed and proclaimed part of New Zealand. [1]
- June 24
- The first exhibition of Pablo Picasso's work opens. [5]
- August 14
- Gustave Whitehead claims to have achieved the first powered flight, in his Number 21 plane. [5]
- August 25
- Death of Clara Maass, army nurse who sacrificied her life at age 25 to prove that the mosquito carries yellow fever. [1]
- September 6
- President William McKinley is shot by Leon Czologosz in Buffalo, New York (dies 8 days later). [1]
- September 12
- Arabs attack Gedara Palestine. [1]
- September 24
- Theodore Roosevelt inaugerated as President of the USA. [450.78]
- September 30
- Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner. [5]
- October 19
- Santos-Dumont proves an airship is maneuverable by circling the Eiffel Tower in France. [1]
- October 29
- Leon Czolcosz, assassin of US President William McKinley, is executed. [1]
- December 10
- The first Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace. [1] [7] [129]
- December 11
- Marconi sends first transatlantic radio signal, Cornwall England to Newfoundland. [1]
- December 12
- Marconi receives first transatlantic radio signal, England to US. [1]
- December 25
- Battle at Tweefontein Orange-Free state: Boers surprise-attack British. [1]
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