- June 18
- John Diefenbacker (Conservative) takes office as Prime Minister of Canada. [1]
- June 27
- 390 die by Hurricane Audrey in coastal Louisiana and Texas, USA. [1]
- July 2
- First submarine powered by liquid metal cooled reactor completed-the Seawolf. [1]
- First submarine designed to fire guided missiles launched, Grayback. [1]
- July 9
- Discovery of element 102 (Nobelium) announced. [1]
- July 14
- Soviet steamer Eshghbad sinks in Caspian Sea, drowning 270. [1]
- July 19
- First rocket with nuclear warhead fired, Yucca Flat, Nevada, USA. [1]
- July 25
- Monarchy in Tunisa abolished in favor of a republic. [1]
- July 26
- USSR launches first intercontinental multistage ballistic missile. [1]
- July 29
- International Atomic Energy Agency established by United Nations. [1]
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- August 1
- First commercial building heated by Sun (Albuquerque, New Mexico). [1]
- August 20
- US Air Force balloon breaks an altitude record at 102,000 feet (310,896 metres). [1]
- August 26
- USSR announces successful test of intercontinental ballistic missile. [1]
- August 31
- Malaya (Malaysia) gains independence from Britain. [1]
- September 8
- Pope Pius XII encyclical On motion pictures, radio, TV. [1]
- September 14
- United Nations resolution deplores and condemns USSR invasion of Hungary. [1]
- September 17
- Malasya joins the United Nations. [5]
- September 19
- First underground nuclear explosion (Las Vegas, Nevada). [1] [5]
- September 21
- Haakon VII, king of Norway, dies, Olaf succeeds him. [1]
- September 25
- Soviet seven-year plan (1959-1965) announced. [1]
- September 26
- Dag Hammarskjöld re-elected secretary-general of the United Nations. [1]
- Musical West Side Story opens on Broadway. [1] [5]
- September 29
- 300 die as express train hits stalled train (Montgomery, West Pakistan). [1]
- October 1
- B-52 bombers begin full-time flying alert in case of USSR attack. [1]
- October 4
- USSR launches Sputnik I, the first artificial Earth satellite. [1] [249.41] [375.16]
- Canadian aircraft company Avro rolls out first production model of CF-105 AKA Arrow advanced interceptor-fighter. [1178.400]
- October 8
- Turkish and Syrian border guards exchange fire. [1]
- October 10
- US President Dwight Eisenhower apologizes to finance minister of Ghana, Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, after he is refused service in a Dover, Delaware, restaurant. [1]
- A fire during maintenance operations at the Windscale nuclear reactor in Cumbria, England, results in 11 tonnes of uranium fuel burning at up to 1300 degrees C. This is the world's worst atomic accident (until 1979). [189.63]
- October 11
- US Air Force Colonel Paul Irving "Pappy" Gunn is killed in the crash of a Twin Beech plane in the Philippines. [158.86]
- October 12
- First commercial flight between California and Antarctica. [1]
- October 13
- German Democratic Republic recalls the East Mark and issues new currency. [1]
- October 17
- French author Albert Camus awarded Nobel Prize in Literature. [1]
- October 26
- USSR fires defense minister, Marshal Georgi Zhukov. [1]
- Vatican Radio begins broadcasting. [1]
- October 29
- A hand grenade explodes in Israel's Knesset (Parliament). [1]
- November 2
- The Levelland UFO Case in Levelland, Texas, USA, generates national publicity. [5]
- First titanium mill opened, Toronto, Ohio, USA. [1]
- November 3
- USSR launches Sputnik 2 with a dog (Laika), first animal in orbit. [1]
- November 6
- Felix Gaillard becomes premier of France. [1]
- November 15
- US sentences Soviet spy Rudolf Ivanovich Abel to 30 years and US$3,000 fine. [1]
- December 2
- First US full-scale atomic electric power plant-power generated, Shippingport, Pennsylvania. [1]
- December 4
- Two commuter trains collide in heavy fog killing 90 (Saint John's, England). [1] [720.24]
- December 6
- Indonesia begins nationalizing Dutch possessions. [1]
- December 9
- First Japanese ambassador to Israel. [1]
- December 12
- US announces manufacture of Borazon (harder than diamond). [1]
- December 17
- US successfully test-fires Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile. [1]
- December 21
- Indonesia proclaims end to state of war. [1]
- December 28
- USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1]
- December 30
- Israeli government of Ben-Gurion resigns. [1]
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